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Cefotiam
Cefotiam (SCE 963, Ceradon) is a second-generation cephalosporin beta-lactam antibiotic developed by Takeda, synthesized 1974, launched in Japan 1981, FDA-approved 1988, given intravenously and orally as prodrug cefotiam hexetil.
Cefpiramide
Cefpiramide (SM-1652) is a third-generation parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic, FDA-approved 1989 and later discontinued, active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mainly excreted in bile, with a half-life of about 4.4 hours.
Cefpirome
Cefpirome (HR 810, Cefrom) is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a C-3 pyridinium group, given IV 2 g twice daily for severe pneumonia, sepsis, and febrile neutropenia; renal elimination, ~2 h half-life, efficacy equivalent to ceftazidime.
Cefpodoxime
Cefpodoxime, developed by Sankyo under the brand name Vantin, is a semi-synthetic third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis against mild to moderate infections.
Cefprozil anhydrous, (e)-
Cefprozil anhydrous, (E)- is the trans isomer of cefprozil, a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic; the drug substance is a Z/E mixture of at least 90% cis, with the E-isomer the minor component.
Ceftaroline fosamil
Ceftaroline fosamil (Teflaro, Zinforo; TAK-599, PPI-0903) is a fifth-generation cephalosporin prodrug of ceftaroline active against MRSA via PBP2a, FDA-approved 2010 for ABSSSI and CABP.
Ceftazidime
Ceftazidime, also known as Fortaz or Tazicef, is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given intravenously or intramuscularly every 8 or 12 hours; approved in 1985, it treats serious Gram-negative infections including Pseudomonas and cystic fibrosis respiratory infections, and is combined with avibactam (AVYCAZ, 2015) against resistant bacteria.
Ceftibuten
Ceftibuten (Cedax, ceftibuten dihydrate) is an oral third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, the most potent oral cephalosporin against most Enterobacteriaceae but inactive against staphylococci; 75–90% oral absorption, dosed 400 mg daily in adults.
Ceftobiprole medocaril free acid
Ceftobiprole medocaril free acid is a cephalosporin prodrug, marketed as Zevtera. The U.S. approved it on April 3, 2024, for intravenous treatment of S. aureus bacteremia.
Ceftolozane
Ceftolozane (Zerbaxa, with tazobactam) is a fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic active against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales, FDA-approved in December 2014 for cUTI, cIAI, and later pneumonia.
Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic given IV or IM, with an 8-hour half-life enabling once-daily dosing; sole CDC-recommended gonorrhea treatment and used for meningitis, UTI, and sepsis.
Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime, sold as Ceftin and Zinacef, is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic developed by Glaxo and approved in 1983 to treat bacterial infections, including Lyme disease and gonorrhea.
Celebrity worship syndrome
Celebrity worship syndrome, also called celebrity worship, is an excessive one-sided preoccupation with a celebrity measured by the Celebrity Attitude Scale, with entertainment-social, intense-personal, and borderline-pathological levels, linked to poorer mental health.
Celecoxib
Celecoxib (Celebrex) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor NSAID approved in 1998 for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, JRA, ankylosing spondylitis, acute pain, and dysmenorrhea; CYP2C9-metabolized, boxed cardiovascular and GI warnings, noninferior CV safety in PRECISION.
Celgene
Celgene Corporation, Summit, New Jersey biotech founded 1986 by David Stirling and Sol Barer; rebuilt thalidomide as Thalomid, Revlimid, and Pomalyst for blood cancers; acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb in November 2019 for $74 billion.
Celiac artery
Celiac artery (celiac trunk, celiac axis): short T12-level branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the foregut via left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries; variants occur in about 10% of people.
Celiac axis resection
Celiac axis resection, also called the modified Appleby procedure or DP-CAR, is surgery removing the celiac artery with the distal pancreas and spleen for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
Celiac plexus
Celiac plexus (solar plexus), the largest autonomic nerve plexus, lies anterior to the aorta around the celiac trunk at T12–L2, innervating upper abdominal organs and serving as the target of neurolytic blocks for pancreatic and upper abdominal cancer pain.
Celiac plexus block
A celiac plexus block is a regional anesthesia procedure that injects anesthetic or a neurolytic agent around the celiac plexus to relieve upper abdominal pain, most often pancreatic cancer pain.
Celiprolol
Celiprolol (Cardem) is a third-generation beta-blocker with beta1-antagonist, beta2-agonist, and alpha2-antagonist actions, used for hypertension and angina and as the leading drug for vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in Europe; not approved in the US.
Celivarone
Celivarone (SSR149744C, ATI-2042) is an investigational noniodinated benzofuran antiarrhythmic related to amiodarone; it failed to show significant efficacy in the ALPHEE, MAIA, and CORYFEE trials.
Cell Count
Cell count: the number of cells of a specific kind per unit volume or area. Also called cell enumeration or cell density; measured manually by hemocytometer or automatically by Coulter-principle and optical instruments.
Cell depletion therapy
Cell depletion therapy is a treatment that selectively eliminates defined cell populations, such as B cells, T cells, or cancer cells, using antibodies or engineered cells.
Cell hitchhiking
Cell hitchhiking is a drug delivery strategy in which nanoparticles ride on blood cells such as red blood cells, evading immune clearance and extending circulation.
Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles
Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, also called cellular nanoparticles, consist of a synthetic core cloaked with membrane from a source cell such as a red blood cell, first reported in 2011.
Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte
Leukocyte cell migration assays, including the Boyden/transwell filter assay, under-agarose, Zigmond and Dunn chambers, and microfluidic devices, measure white blood cell chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and haptotaxis in vitro.
Cell Survival
Cell survival, also called cell viability, is a cell's capacity for metabolism, growth, reproduction, and responsiveness. Measured by dye exclusion, metabolic, ATP, flow cytometry, and clonogenic assays, with assay choice strongly affecting results.
Cell Transplantation (procedure)
Cell transplantation (procedure): transfer of living autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic cells to restore tissue function; PBSCT is the most common form, pioneered by E. Donnall Thomas (1990 Nobel Prize), with rejection and GVHD as key complications.
Cell type deconvolution
Cell type deconvolution is a computational method that estimates cell type proportions in a bulk tissue sample from gene expression, using a reference matrix or single-cell RNA-seq data.
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Cell- and tissue-based therapy, or HCT/Ps, treats disease with living human cells or tissues, spanning stem cell transplants, CAR-T, and Tregzi (2026); FDA-approved products are few, while over 2,700 US clinics sell unproven versions.