Human health and medicine

Choroideremia

Choroideremia, also called progressive tapetochoroidal dystrophy (TCD), is an X-linked recessive retinal degeneration caused by CHM gene mutations, causing childhood night blindness, tunnel vision, and late blindness in males.

Chris Costner Sizemore

Chris Costner Sizemore (1927–2016), the real "Eve" of The Three Faces of Eve, an American woman with dissociative identity disorder who reported 22 personalities, achieved integration in 1974, and wrote I'm Eve.

Chris van Tulleken

Chris van Tulleken is a British infectious diseases doctor, University College London academic, and BBC science presenter who co-hosts Operation Ouch! with his twin brother Xand and wrote Ultra-Processed People.

Christena Cadieux

Christena Cadieux, also known as C. Linn Cadieux, is an American research chemist at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense who studies nerve agent countermeasures.

Christiaan Barnard

Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922-2001), South African cardiac surgeon at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, led the world's first human-to-human heart transplant on 3 December 1967 (donor Denise Darvall, recipient Louis Washkansky) and the first interracial transplant in January 1968.

Christian Jessen

Christian Spencer Jessen, British doctor and TV presenter known for Channel 4's Embarrassing Bodies and Supersize vs Superskinny; sexual health physician ordered in 2021 to pay Arlene Foster £125,000 libel damages over a tweet.

Christian Mortensen

Christian Mortensen (1882-1998), Danish-American supercentenarian, oldest validated man at death at 115 years 252 days; record held until Jiroemon Kimura in 2012; validated by GRG via Danish records.

Christiane F.

Christiane F. (Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo), 1981 West German film by Uli Edel based on the 1978 memoir of teenage heroin addict Christiane Felscherinow, starring Natja Brunckhorst with a David Bowie soundtrack.

Christiane Völling

Christiane Völling, German intersex woman, first person known to win a lawsuit over non-consensual sex reassignment surgery; Cologne Regional Court awarded her 100,000 euros in 2008 for a 1977 operation removing her female organs.

Christianson syndrome

Christianson syndrome, also known as X-linked Angelman-like syndrome, is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder caused by SLC9A6 mutations, causing severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, ataxia, and absent speech in males.

Christine E. Dehlendorf

Christine E. Dehlendorf is a family physician and researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, known for research on racial and socioeconomic disparities in family planning.

Christine Laine MD, MPH

Christine Laine, MD, MPH, is an American general internist and Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Internal Medicine, the journal she joined in 1995 as its first woman Associate Editor.

Christine Marie (psychologist)

Christine Marie, media psychologist (PhD, Fielding Graduate University), cult survivor and Voices for Dignity founder; 2021 APA Division 46 dissertation award winner; FBI informant against FLDS prophet Samuel Bateman, featured in Netflix's Trust Me: The False Prophet.

Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation

Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation, also called the Reeve Foundation, is a Short Hills, New Jersey 501(c)(3) nonprofit founded in 1982 as the Stifel Paralysis Research Foundation, merged with the American Paralysis Association, funding spinal cord injury research and the National Paralysis Resource Center.

Christopher C. Fordham III

Christopher C. Fordham III (1926–2008) was an American physician who served as dean of the UNC School of Medicine and as UNC Chapel Hill's sixth chancellor.

Christopher Duntsch

Christopher Duntsch, an American former neurosurgeon who practiced in Dallas-Fort Worth from 2010 to 2013, was convicted in 2017 for deliberately inflicting grave harm on patients.

Christopher Lawford

Christopher Kennedy Lawford (1955–2018), son of Peter Lawford and Patricia Kennedy, JFK's nephew; actor and author of the bestselling addiction memoir Symptoms of Withdrawal and UN recovery advocate.

Christopher Wright

Christopher Wright is an associate professor of STEM education at Drexel University who received the PECASE award for studying how African American boys develop engineering identities.

Chromium deficiency

Chromium deficiency: proposed lack of trivalent chromium impairing glucose tolerance; described only in long-term TPN case reports, not in healthy people; ICD-11 5B5K.8; essentiality disputed since EFSA 2014.

Chromium polynicotinate

Chromium polynicotinate, also called niacin-bound chromium, GTF Chromium, or ChromeMate, is a trivalent chromium-niacin complex used in supplements; FDA issued a no-questions GRAS letter (GRN 000614) in 2016 for enhanced water beverages at 575 µg/L.

ChROMME-TBI trial

The ChROMME-TBI trial is a phase II study testing whether oral chlorophyllin reduces severe oral mucositis in patients receiving total body irradiation before stem cell transplant.

Chromoendoscopy

Chromoendoscopy is an endoscopic diagnostic technique that applies dyes such as methylene blue, Lugol's iodine, and indigo carmine to the gastrointestinal lining to highlight lesions.

Chromogenic in situ hybridization

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is a pathology technique that detects specific DNA or RNA sequences in tissue sections, introduced in 2000 for HER2 testing in breast cancer.

Chromomycosis

Chromomycosis, also called chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a chronic skin and subcutaneous fungal infection from traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi, marked by muriform cells, mainly in tropical regions, a WHO neglected tropical disease.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is a rare kidney cancer subtype, about 5% of RCC, grouped with oncocytoma in the 2022 WHO oncocytic/chromophobe category; hypodiploid with chromosome losses, excellent prognosis, no standard metastatic therapy.

Chromosomal analysis

Chromosomal analysis is a cytogenetic diagnostic method that examines chromosome number and structure, most commonly by G-banded karyotyping, to detect abnormalities such as aneuploidy and translocations.

Chromosomal microarray analysis

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a genetic diagnostic test using DNA microarrays to detect chromosomal deletions and duplications genome-wide, the recommended first-tier test for developmental delay, autism, and congenital anomalies.

Chromosome analysis

Chromosome analysis is a cytogenetic laboratory method that examines the number and structure of chromosomes in dividing cells, most commonly by G-banded karyotyping, to diagnose constitutional and acquired chromosomal disorders.

Chronic acquired pure red cell aplasia

Chronic acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare hematologic disorder in which red cell production fails selectively, causing severe anemia while white cells and platelets stay normal.