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Chronic angle-closure
Chronic angle-closure, or chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), is the gradual, often silent form of angle-closure eye disease causing raised intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage; treated with laser iridotomy or lens extraction (EAGLE trial).
Chronic apical periodontitis
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP, ICD-10 K04.5, ICD-11 DA09.71) is chronic periapical inflammation and bone destruction caused by root canal infection, usually asymptomatic, treated by root canal treatment, retreatment, or apical surgery.
Chronic appendicitis
Chronic appendicitis (ICD-11 DB10.1; grumbling or recurrent appendicitis) is a non-acute, prolonged inflammation of the appendix causing persistent right lower quadrant pain, diagnosed by history, deep palpation, histology, and relief after appendectomy.
Chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia syndrome
Chronic atrial and intestinal dysrhythmia (CAID) syndrome, also called cohesinopathy affecting heart and gut rhythm, is an autosomal recessive SGOL1 K23E founder-mutation disease combining sick sinus syndrome and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, usually onset by age 20.
Chronic atticoantral suppurative otitis media
Chronic atticoantral suppurative otitis media (ICD-11 AA91.1, ICD-10 H66.2) is the unsafe CSOM subtype with posterosuperior pars tensa or pars flaccida marginal perforation, attic and mastoid disease, cholesteatoma risk, bone erosion, and mastoidectomy treatment.
Chronic beryllium disease
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD, berylliosis) is a granulomatous lung disease from immune sensitization to inhaled beryllium, first recognized in 1940s fluorescent lamp workers, diagnosed by BeLPT and biopsy, treated with corticosteroids.
Chronic bilateral vestibulopathy
Chronic bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP, bilateral vestibular hypofunction) is a chronic vestibular syndrome with bilaterally reduced angular VOR causing unsteadiness, oscillopsia, and worsening in darkness; diagnosed by vHIT gain <0.6 or caloric sum <6°/sec, treated mainly with vestibular rehabilitation.
Chronic bronchiolitis
Chronic bronchiolitis (ICD-11 CA26) is chronic inflammatory and fibrotic injury of the small airways, caused by infection, inhalation injury, drugs, transplantation, connective tissue disease, or idiopathic factors, distinct from acute infantile bronchiolitis.
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis is a condition marked by a productive cough on most days for at least three months in two consecutive years, usually caused by cigarette smoke.
Chronic cancer pain
Chronic cancer related pain (ICD-11 MG30.1) is chronic pain from active cancer or metastases or from cancer treatment, coded as chronic cancer pain (MG30.10) or chronic post-cancer treatment pain (MG30.11), diagnosed after more than 3 months.
Chronic central neuropathic pain
Chronic central neuropathic pain (ICD-11 MG30.50) is chronic pain from a lesion or disease of the central somatosensory system, caused mainly by stroke, spinal cord injury, and multiple sclerosis, treated first-line with antidepressants and gabapentinoids.
Chronic cervical lymphadenitis
Chronic cervical lymphadenitis, also called chronic inflammation of cervical lymph node (SNOMED 788889007), is persistent neck node inflammation beyond 6 weeks, caused mainly by nontuberculous mycobacteria, tuberculosis, cat-scratch disease, or malignancy.
Chronic cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis, ICD-11 DC12.1 / ICD-10 K81.1, is long-standing gallbladder inflammation, over 90% gallstone-related, causing recurrent biliary colic; diagnosed by ultrasound and HIDA (ejection fraction under 35%), treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Chronic condition
Chronic condition: long-lasting illness (1 year or 3+ months) needing ongoing care, including NCDs like cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, COPD; 43 million deaths in 2021, 75% of non-pandemic deaths.
Chronic congestive splenomegaly
Chronic congestive splenomegaly (ICD-10 D73.2, ICD-11 3B81.C; also spleen hyperaemia, Opitz disease) is long-term spleen enlargement from portal hypertension or splenic vein thrombosis, causing red pulp congestion, fibrosis, and pancytopenia.
Chronic coronary artery disease
Chronic coronary artery disease is the established, non-acute phase of atherosclerosis in the heart's arteries, covering obstructive and nonobstructive disease, prior heart attack, and chronic angina.
Chronic coronary disease in diabetes
Chronic coronary disease in diabetes is stable coronary artery disease in a person with diabetes, often silent, carrying 2 to 4-fold higher heart disease mortality.
Chronic coronary disease in women and the elderly
Chronic coronary disease in women and the elderly covers sex and age differences in atherosclerotic coronary disease: atypical symptoms, under-treatment in women, and higher risk in older adults.
Chronic dental pain
Chronic dental pain (ICD-11 MG30.61): pulpal, periodontal, or gingival tooth pain occurring 2+ hours daily on at least 50% of days over 3 months, usually from caries or trauma, diagnosed clinically and by imaging.
Chronic diarrhea due to glucoamylase deficiency
Chronic diarrhea due to glucoamylase deficiency, also called maltase-glucoamylase deficiency (ORPHA:103907, ICD-11 5C61.1), is a rare intestinal disease of infancy or childhood: primary small-intestinal glucoamylase deficiency impairs starch absorption, causing chronic diarrhea with normal pancreatic amylase and normal mucosal histology.
Chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy
Chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy (ORPHA:1670, OMIM 520100) is a rare mitochondrial genetic disease of infancy: early-onset chronic diarrhea, vomiting, lactic acidosis, renal and hepatic involvement, partial villous atrophy on biopsy, later neurologic and retinal complications.
Chronic enlargement of lacrimal gland
Chronic lacrimal gland enlargement, or chronic dacryoadenitis, is persistent tear-gland swelling mainly from nonspecific dacryoadenitis, IgG4-related disease, or lymphoma, differentiated by age, laterality, gland size, wedge sign, and extra-orbital involvement.
Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene
Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS), formerly CNSU, is a rare autosomal recessive small-intestinal ulcer disease from SLCO2A1 prostaglandin transporter mutations, mimicking Crohn's disease, with female predominance, anemia, and ileal ulcers.
Chronic eosinophilic leukemia
Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), also called chronic eosinophilic leukaemia, NOS, is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm with persistent hypereosinophilia; FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion cases respond to imatinib, while CEL-NOS has poor prognosis.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Chronic fatigue syndrome, or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME/CFS), is a chronic multisystem illness marked by post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and six months of activity-limiting fatigue, diagnosed clinically with no confirmatory test; about 1.3% of US adults report it.
Chronic granulomatous disease
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), also called fatal granulomatous disease of childhood, is a primary immunodeficiency of phagocyte NADPH oxidase causing recurrent catalase-positive bacterial and fungal infections, granulomas, and colitis; X-linked (CYBB) or autosomal recessive, curable by transplant or gene therapy.
Chronic hepatitis B
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), long-term infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), affects an estimated 240 million people; it causes cirrhosis and liver cancer and is treated with oral tenofovir or entecavir, though only 4.3% were on treatment in 2024.
Chronic hepatitis E
Chronic hepatitis E is persistent hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, HEV RNA detectable over 3 months, occurring almost solely in immunocompromised people, mainly genotype 3, treated by reducing immunosuppression and ribavirin.
Chronic hiccup
Chronic hiccup, medically called singultus, is a rare movement disorder in which hiccups last over 48 hours, disturbing sleep and eating and often signaling underlying disease.
Chronic inflammation of postmastoidectomy cavity
Chronic inflammation of postmastoidectomy cavity (ICD-11 AB93; ICD-10-CM H95.11) is persistent inflammation of the open mastoid cavity after canal wall down mastoidectomy, causing therapy-resistant otorrhea in over 20% of open-cavity patients, treated topically or by revision obliteration surgery.