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Cleft lip
Cleft lip is a partial or complete fissure of the upper lip, on one side or both, forming when embryonic facial prominences fail to fuse in weeks 6 to 7.
Cleft lip and alveolus
Cleft lip and alveolus is a fissure-type embryopathy of the upper lip, nasal base, and alveolar ridge, arising in weeks 5-7 of gestation; incidence 1/4,000-1/10,000 births, twice as common in boys, treated by multidisciplinary cleft teams with secondary bone grafting.
Cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral
Unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (ICD-11 LA41): a one-sided congenital cleft of upper lip and alveolar ridge between lateral incisor and canine, treated by lip-nose repair, alveolar bone grafting, and orthodontics.
Cleft lip and cleft palate
Cleft lip and cleft palate (orofacial clefts) are birth defects from incomplete fusion of lip or palate tissue in fetal development, affecting about 1 in 1,031 US births (lip) and 1 in 1,563 (palate), treated by timed surgical repair and team care.
Cleft lip and palate-craniofacial dysmorphism-congenital heart defect-hearing loss syndrome
Cleft lip and palate-craniofacial dysmorphism-congenital heart defect-hearing loss syndrome, also called HYAL2 deficiency or Muggenthaler-Chowdhury-Chioza syndrome (OMIM 621063), is an autosomal recessive disorder from biallelic HYAL2 variants, with cleft lip/palate, cardiac anomalies, myopia, and conductive hearing loss.
Cleft lip repair
Cleft lip repair, or cheiloplasty, is the surgical reconstruction of a congenital split in the upper lip, usually performed when an infant is 3 to 5 months old.
Cleft lip, bilateral
Cleft lip, bilateral (ICD-11 LA40.1, ICD-10 Q36.0) is a congenital double fissure of the upper lip with protruded premaxilla and short columella; least common cleft laterality (6:3:1 ratio), repaired surgically in infancy.
Cleft lip, unilateral
Unilateral cleft lip: a one-sided congenital split of the upper lip, with or without cleft alveolus and palate (UCLP). Repaired by straight-line, triangular flap (Tennison-Randall), rotation-advancement (Millard), or Fisher subunit techniques.
Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome
Cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (CLPED1, Zlotogora-Ogur syndrome, Margarita Island ectodermal dysplasia) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by PVRL1/NECTIN1 mutations, combining cleft lip and palate, pili torti, hypohidrosis, abnormal teeth, syndactyly, and sometimes intellectual disability.
Cleft palate
Cleft palate is a congenital opening in the roof of the mouth, occurring in about 1 in 3,000 births and usually repaired surgically at 9 to 15 months.
Cleft palate-lateral synechia syndrome
Cleft palate-lateral synechia syndrome (CPLS, OMIM 119550, syngnathia) is an extremely rare congenital malformation syndrome combining cleft palate, micrognathia, and intraoral lateral synechiae; presumed autosomal dominant, treated by synechia excision and palatal closure.
Cleft rhinoplasty
Cleft rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure that corrects the nasal deformities of cleft lip and palate by repositioning displaced cartilage and septum, staged from infancy to after skeletal maturity.
Cleft velum
Cleft velum (cleft soft palate, cleft velum palatinum, ORPHA:99772, ICD-10 Q35.3) is a congenital fissure of the soft palate causing feeding problems, velopharyngeal insufficiency with hypernasal speech, and eustachian tube dysfunction with conductive hearing loss.
Cleidocranial dysostosis
Cleidocranial dysostosis, also called cleidocranial dysplasia or Marie-Sainton syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant RUNX2-related skeletal disorder with hypoplastic clavicles, open fontanelles, and supernumerary teeth, occurring in about 1 per million.
Clemastine
Clemastine (meclastin, Tavist) is a first-generation H1 antihistamine of the benzhydryl ether group, marketed since 1966 in Europe and 1977 in the US for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema; sedating and anticholinergic, and repurposed as an M1-antagonist remyelination candidate for multiple sclerosis.
Clement B. Sledge
Clement B. Sledge (1930–2025) was an American orthopedic surgeon who built and led the orthopedics department at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston for 26 years.
Clesrovimab
Clesrovimab (Enflonsia, MK-1654), Merck's long-acting anti-RSV monoclonal antibody; single 105 mg intramuscular dose for infants under 8 months in their first RSV season; FDA approved June 9, 2025; alternative to nirsevimab.
CLEVECORD
CLEVECORD (HPC, Cord Blood) is an FDA-licensed allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cell product, BLA 125594, approved September 1, 2016 and manufactured by the nonprofit Cleveland Cord Blood Center for unrelated donor transplantation.
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland Clinic, also known as Cleveland Clinic Foundation, is a nonprofit academic medical center in Cleveland, Ohio, founded in 1921 as a group practice and now a global health system with more than 65,000 caregivers.
Clevidipine
Clevidipine (Cleviprex) is an ultrashort-acting intravenous dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker in lipid emulsion, FDA approved 2008 for blood pressure reduction when oral therapy is not feasible; esterase metabolism gives a ~1-minute half-life, and ECLIPSE trials compared it with nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, and nicardipine.
Clevudine
Clevudine (L-FMAU; brands Levovir, Revovir) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue inhibiting HBV reverse transcriptase, approved in South Korea in 2006, notable for prolonged post-treatment suppression but limited by mitochondrial myopathy and resistance versus entecavir.
Click Therapeutics
Click Therapeutics is a New York City company developing prescription digital therapeutics, regulated software prescribed as medical treatment, and is known for Rejoyn, an app for depression symptoms.
Click-to-release antibody–drug conjugates
Click-to-release antibody–drug conjugates, or click-cleavable ADCs, are ADCs whose payload is released extracellularly by a separate tetrazine trigger, extending therapy to non-internalizing targets; introduced in 2013.
Clidinium
Clidinium (clidinium bromide, brand Quarzan) is a synthetic anticholinergic muscarinic M1/M3 antagonist that reduces stomach acid and bowel spasms; combined with chlordiazepoxide as Librax (FDA approved 1966) for peptic ulcer, IBS, and enterocolitis.
CLIgAN trial
CLIgAN (NCT 04662723; EudraCT 2021-006854-29) is a pair of AIFA-authorized, open-label randomized phase III trials in IgA nephropathy testing biopsy-stratified personalized therapy: ACIgAN (corticosteroids plus RASB) and CHRONIgAN (dapagliflozin plus RASB).
Climatic droplet keratopathy
Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK), also called Labrador keratopathy or spheroidal degeneration, is a rare acquired corneal degeneration from chronic UV and environmental exposure, causing golden subepithelial droplets, graded 1 to 3, treatable only by corneal transplantation.
Climatotherapy
Climatotherapy, or climate therapy, is the medical relocation of patients to favorable climates and use of coastal, mountain, or Dead Sea conditions. Modalities include aerotherapy, heliotherapy, and thalassotherapy, studied mainly for psoriasis, rheumatic, and respiratory diseases.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin, sold as Cleocin and Dalacin, is a lincosamide antibiotic derived from lincomycin, used since 1970 for serious anaerobic and Gram-positive infections and topically for acne.
Clinic
A clinic, or medical clinic, is a healthcare facility providing outpatient medical care, meaning examination, treatment, and advice without overnight admission, distinct from a hospital, which combines outpatient departments with inpatient beds.
Clinical Alarms
Clinical alarms: signals from medical devices such as physiologic monitors warning of patient changes or equipment faults. Defined by 80–99% false alarm rates, alarm fatigue, Joint Commission NPSG, and IEC 60601-1-8.