25,729 articles
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia (Lionitis, ORPHA:1513) is an ultra-rare sclerosing bone dysplasia with massive skull and facial hyperostosis, SOST or SP7 genetic forms, childhood onset, and cranial nerve compression causing blindness, deafness, and early death.
Craniodigital-intellectual disability syndrome
Craniodigital-intellectual disability syndrome (ORPHA:1514, OMIM 312860) is an extremely rare genetic malformation syndrome with finger and toe syndactyly, a startled facial appearance, and intellectual disability, onset neonatal, fewer than 1 per million.
Cranioectodermal dysplasia
Cranioectodermal dysplasia, also called Sensenbrenner syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy caused by IFT-A gene variants (IFT43, IFT52, IFT122, IFT140, WDR19, WDR35), causing skeletal, ectodermal, kidney, liver, and retinal disease.
Craniofacial hyperhidrosis
Craniofacial hyperhidrosis (ICD-11 EE00.02) is excessive sweating of the scalp, face, and neck, a focal form of primary hyperhidrosis affecting about 9.4% of hyperhidrosis patients; treated with topical glycopyrrolate, oral oxybutynin, botulinum toxin, or T2 sympathectomy.
Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome
Craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome (CDHS, Sommer-Young-Wee-Frye syndrome, OMIM 122880) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant PAX3 disorder with flat facies, hypertelorism, profound congenital sensorineural deafness, and ulnar deviation with hand contractures.
Craniofrontonasal dysplasia
Craniofrontonasal dysplasia (CFNS, craniofrontonasal syndrome, OMIM 304110) is a rare X-linked dominant EFNB1 disorder causing coronal craniosynostosis, hypertelorism and bifid nose, paradoxically more severe in females than males.
Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type
Craniometadiaphyseal dysplasia, wormian bone type (CRMDD, OMIM 269300, ORPHA:85184) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive craniotubular bone dysplasia, under 10 reported patients, with macrocephaly, multiple wormian bones, wide tubular bones, and fracture risk.
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD, CMDD, ORPHA:1522) is a very rare genetic bone disease with progressive craniofacial hyperostosis and widened long-bone metaphyses; caused by ANKH (dominant) or GJA1 (recessive) mutations, onset in childhood.
Craniomicromelic syndrome
Craniomicromelic syndrome is a rare, lethal form of syndromic craniosynostosis featuring prenatal growth failure, a poorly mineralized skull, and shortened limbs with absent phalanges, first described in 1995.
Craniopagus parasiticus
Craniopagus parasiticus, or épicome, is an extremely rare conjoined-twinning type in which an underdeveloped parasitic twin head attaches to a developed twin's cranium; about ten documented cases, first separated successfully in Egypt in 2005.
Craniopharyngioma
Craniopharyngioma, a rare benign sellar/suprasellar brain tumor from Rathke's pouch remnants; two distinct WHO 2021 entities, adamantinomatous (CTNNB1, children) and papillary (BRAF V600E, adults), treated by surgery, radiotherapy, and targeted drugs.
Cranioplasty
Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical operation that repairs a skull defect, most often after trauma or decompressive craniectomy, using the patient's stored bone flap or a synthetic implant.
Craniosacral therapy
Craniosacral therapy (CST), an alternative manual therapy derived from Sutherland's cranial osteopathy, uses gentle touch on the skull and sacrum; systematic reviews find insufficient, low-certainty evidence of effectiveness.
Craniospinal irradiation
Craniospinal irradiation is a radiotherapy technique treating the entire brain and spinal subarachnoid space as one continuous volume, mainly for medulloblastoma and other tumors that spread through cerebrospinal fluid.
Craniosynostosis
Craniosynostosis, also called craniostenosis, is the premature fusion of cranial sutures, occurring in about 1 in 2000-2500 births; sagittal suture most often involved, treated surgically in infancy.
Craniosynostosis-anal anomalies-porokeratosis syndrome
CDAGS syndrome (craniosynostosis-anal anomalies-porokeratosis syndrome, CAP syndrome) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder with coronal craniosynostosis, clavicular hypoplasia, open fontanels, anal and genitourinary anomalies, porokeratosis, hearing loss, linked to RNU12 on 22q13.
Craniosynostosis-hydrocephalus-Arnold-Chiari malformation type I-radioulnar synostosis syndrome
Craniosynostosis-hydrocephalus-Arnold-Chiari malformation type I-radioulnar synostosis syndrome (Berant, Capra-DeMarco syndrome) is an ultra-rare syndromic craniosynostosis with sagittal synostosis, hydrocephalus, Chiari I malformation, radioulnar synostosis, and facial, renal, genital anomalies; fewer than 1 in 1,000,000.
Craniosynostosis, Boston type
Craniosynostosis, Boston type (CRS2, OMIM 604757, Warman-Mulliken-Hayward syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant syndromic craniosynostosis caused by gain-of-function MSX2 Pro148 mutations, with variable suture fusion, cloverleaf skull, limb anomalies, and normal intelligence.
Craniosynostosis, Philadelphia type
Craniosynostosis, Philadelphia type (OMIM 185900) is a very rare autosomal dominant syndromic craniosynostosis with sagittal/dolichocephalic head shape, normal face, complete soft tissue syndactyly of hands and feet, possibly IHH-related and sharing etiology with syndactyly type 1A.
Craniotomy
Craniotomy: neurosurgical procedure temporarily removing a skull bone flap to reach the brain for tumor, hemorrhage, aneurysm, or seizure treatment; first wide approach by Wagner in 1889; bone replaced, unlike craniectomy.
Craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type
Craniotubular dysplasia, Ikegawa type (CTDI, OMIM 619727) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive sclerosing bone disorder caused by TMEM53 variants, with skull hyperostosis, short stature, and vision loss from optic nerve compression.
Cravacitinib
Cravacitinib (deucravacitinib, Sotyktu) is Bristol Myers Squibb's first-in-class oral allosteric TYK2 inhibitor, deuterated, 6 mg daily, approved 2022 for plaque psoriasis and 2026 for psoriatic arthritis.
Creampie (sexual act)
Creampie: porn-derived slang (late 1990s–early 2000s) for ejaculating inside a partner's vagina or anus without a condom, with visible semen; carries pregnancy and STI risks.
Creatinine
Creatinine: waste product of muscle breakdown filtered by the kidneys; serum creatinine is the main marker for eGFR kidney-function estimation, measured by Jaffe or enzymatic assays, limited by muscle mass, diet, and assay interference.
Creatinine clearance
Creatinine clearance (CrCl) is a kidney function test estimating glomerular filtration rate from blood and 24-hour urine creatinine; it overestimates true GFR and has largely been replaced by eGFR equations.
Creatinolfosfate
Creatinolfosfate (creatinol O-phosphate, COP), C4H12N3O4P, is a methylated creatine analog and cardiac drug (ATC C01EB05) studied in 1970s Italy for anti-ischemic, anti-arrhythmic effects; oral creatine-source claims are unsupported.
Creativity and mental health
Creativity and mental health: research field on links between creative ability and psychiatric illness (mad-genius hypothesis, inverted-U with schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum) and benefits of creative activity for well-being.
CREDENCE trial
CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), NCT02065791, phase 3 trial of canagliflozin 100 mg vs placebo in 4,401 patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric CKD; primary composite renal/CV outcome HR 0.70, stopped early for benefit in 2018.
Credentialing
Credentialing is the official recognition of professional or technical competence through registration, certification, licensure, membership, or degrees, and in healthcare it determines which practitioners may treat patients.
Creeping myiasis
Creeping (migratory) myiasis: rare skin infestation by bot fly larvae, mainly Gasterophilus (horse bot fly) and Hypoderma (cattle bot fly), which migrate through skin causing serpiginous, itchy tracks; humans are accidental hosts.