25,729 articles
EFFICACE study
EFFICACE (NCT05114434) is a single-center, 8-week, open-label University of Parma study testing extrafine beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium 87/5/9 µg on cough peak flow in moderate-to-severe COPD, distinct from the TRILOGY, TRIDENT, and TRIFORCE trials.
Efficacy
Efficacy (pharmacology): a drug's capacity, once receptor-bound, to change target behavior and produce response; distinct from affinity and potency. Spans Ariëns' intrinsic activity, Furchgott's intrinsic efficacy, receptor reserve, inverse agonism, and biased agonism.
Effusion of joint
Effusion of joint (hydrarthrosis, ICD-11 FA36) is increased intra-articular synovial fluid from trauma, degeneration, inflammation, or infection. Diagnosed by ultrasound (~90% sensitive) and arthrocentesis; fluid leukocyte counts classify it, and septic arthritis must be excluded.
Efgartigimod alfa
Efgartigimod alfa, sold by argenx as VYVGART, is a neonatal Fc receptor blocker that lowers circulating IgG; the FDA approved it in 2021 for generalized myasthenia gravis.
EFIGRO trial
EFIGRO (NCT02258126) was a two-arm Spanish trial in Vitoria-Gasteiz testing supervised exercise added to a family-based lifestyle program in 116 children aged 8-12 with overweight/obesity; exercise raised hepatic-fat responder rates and IMAAT reduction mediated liver-fat improvement.
Efinaconazole
Efinaconazole (Jublia, Clenafin) is a 10% topical triazole antifungal solution for toenail onychomycosis, applied once daily for 48 weeks; approved in Canada 2013 and the US June 2014, superior to placebo but less effective than oral terbinafine.
Eflapegrastim
Eflapegrastim (Rolvedon, also known as Rolontis) is a long-acting recombinant human G-CSF that the FDA approved in September 2022 to reduce febrile neutropenia in adults receiving chemotherapy.
Efmoroctocog alfa
Efmoroctocog alfa (Elocta, Eloctate, BIIB031) is an extended half-life recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion protein for treating and preventing bleeding in haemophilia A, given intravenously once or twice weekly.
Efpeglenatide
Efpeglenatide (에페글레나타이드, HM11260C) is Hanmi's once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, an exendin-4-IgG4 Fc fusion. AMPLITUDE-O cut MACE 27% in type 2 diabetes; approved in Korea 2026 for obesity.
EFSATAEMD trial
EFSATAEMD (NCT07372001) is a completed Phase 4 Mexican pilot trial of topical lyophilized exosomes with microneedling for facial skin aging: 30 adults over 50, three sessions four weeks apart, favorable before-and-after results.
Efsubaglutide alfa injection
Efsubaglutide alfa (依苏帕格鲁肽α, Yi Nuo Qing) is Innogen Pharmaceuticals' human GLP-1/IgG2 Fc fusion GLP-1RA with a 204-hour half-life, approved in China in January 2025 for adult type 2 diabetes.
Eftrenonacog alfa
Eftrenonacog alfa (rFIXFc, Alprolix) is an extended half-life recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein for haemophilia B; Fc-FcRn recycling gives an about 82-hour half-life, first FDA-approved March 2014, EU 2016, marketed by Sobi.
Efungumab
Efungumab (Mycograb, MYC-123), NeuTec Pharma's human recombinant anti-Hsp90 antibody fragment for invasive candidiasis; phase III positive but EMA refused marketing authorisation in 2007 and development was terminated.
EGFR-TKI therapy
EGFR-TKI therapy is drug treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block the epidermal growth factor receptor, used mainly for EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer, especially in Asian patients.
Egg donation
Egg donation is a fertility treatment in which a woman donates eggs fertilized in vitro and transferred to a recipient, who carries the pregnancy and gives birth.
Egg white
Egg white (albumen), the clear liquid around the egg yolk, is about 88% water and 11% protein; ovalbumin (54%) drives its foaming, gelling, and emulsifying roles in foods.
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS): 13 heritable connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility; hypermobile EDS lacks a known gene, with new diagnostic criteria due December 2026.
Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichiosis, also called human monocytic ehrlichiosis when caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, is a tick-borne bacterial disease from lone star or blacklegged tick bites, causing fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia 5-14 days later, treated with doxycycline.
Eigengrau
Eigengrau (Eigenlicht, dark light, brain gray) is the intrinsic dark gray seen in total darkness, a term credited to Gustav Fechner, caused by spontaneous retinal dark noise from visual pigment and phototransduction fluctuations.
Eiken syndrome
Eiken syndrome (EKNS, Eiken skeletal dysplasia, OMIM 600002) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia from biallelic PTH1R mutations, marked by severely delayed ossification of epiphyses, pelvis, hands, and feet, abnormal bone modeling, mild short stature, and mild PTH resistance.
Einthoven's triangle
Einthoven's triangle: imaginary equilateral triangle of bipolar limb leads I, II, III (RA, LA, LL corners), described by Willem Einthoven in 1912 for frontal-plane cardiac axis calculation; basis of Einthoven's law.
EIRA trial
EIRA trial (NCT03136211): Spanish cluster-randomised hybrid type 2 trial in 25 primary care centres, 3062 adults 45-75, testing a Transtheoretical Model multiple health behaviour change intervention for smoking, diet, and physical activity versus usual care.
Eisenmenger syndrome
Eisenmenger syndrome, also called Eisenmenger complex, is advanced pulmonary arterial hypertension with congenital heart disease in which a shunt reverses to right-to-left flow, causing cyanosis, erythrocytosis, and reduced survival; shunt closure is contraindicated.
Ejaculation
Ejaculation, also called seminal emission and expulsion, is the ejection of semen through the urethra in two phases: sympathetic emission (T10–L3) and pudendal-driven expulsion. Covers normal ranges, PE, retrograde ejaculation, anejaculation, and treatments.
Ejaculatory duct
Ejaculatory duct: paired ~2 cm tubes formed by union of the seminal vesicle duct and vas deferens ampulla, passing through the prostate to the verumontanum; obstruction causes 1–5% of male infertility.
Ejaculatory dysfunctions
Ejaculatory dysfunctions (ICD-11 HA03) are male ejaculation disorders: premature (early) ejaculation, delayed ejaculation, anejaculation, and retrograde ejaculation, with guideline-based diagnosis and treatment from AUA/SMSNA and EAU.
Ejection fraction
Ejection fraction (EF), or LVEF, is the percentage of left ventricular blood volume ejected per heartbeat; normal 55–70%. It classifies heart failure as reduced, preserved, or improved EF, with 2026 guidelines simplifying categories.
Ekangavira Rasa
Ekangavira Rasa (Ekangveer Rasa, एकांगवीर रस) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation with mercury and lead bhasma, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India and used for Vata disorders such as paralysis and sciatica.
Elacestrant
Elacestrant (Orserdu, Korserdu; RAD1901) is an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader approved by the FDA in January 2023 for ER-positive, HER2-negative, ESR1-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer after endocrine therapy, based on the phase III EMERALD trial.
Elacytarabine
Elacytarabine (CP-4055, Elacyt) is a lipophilic elaidic acid ester prodrug of cytarabine for relapsed/refractory AML; transporter-independent uptake, but its phase III CLAVELA trial showed no survival benefit over investigator's choice.