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Gnathostomiasis
Gnathostomiasis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by Gnathostoma nematode larvae (mainly G. spinigerum), acquired by eating raw freshwater fish, eels, frogs, or reptiles, causing migratory skin swellings, eosinophilia, and sometimes fatal neurologic disease.
GNE myopathy
GNE myopathy, also called Nonaka myopathy, DMRV, or HIBM, is a rare autosomal recessive distal myopathy from GNE gene mutations impairing sialic acid biosynthesis, causing adult-onset foot drop with quadriceps sparing; no approved therapy exists.
GNHS study
Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS, NCT03179657): a community-based prospective cohort of 5,118 adults in Guangzhou, China, run by Sun Yat-sen University since 2008, studying nutrition and metabolic disease with multi-omics.
GnRH antagonist protocol
The GnRH antagonist protocol is an IVF ovarian stimulation regimen in which cetrorelix or ganirelix blocks a premature LH surge, with lower OHSS risk than agonist protocols.
GNX201 (ADC)
GNX201-ADC is GlycoNex's preclinical pro-antibody antibody-drug conjugate for solid tumors, using PrecisemAb AntibodyLock masking and a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen target, co-developed with Nippon Kayaku since March 2026.
Goal attainment scaling
Goal attainment scaling is a psychometric method introduced by Kiresuk and Sherman in 1968 that converts individualized patient treatment goals into graded levels and a standardized T-score.
Goal-directed fluid therapy
Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is a perioperative strategy in which intravenous fluids are given according to real-time hemodynamic measurements, aiming to optimize cardiac output and tissue oxygen delivery.
Goatee
Goatee: a small, usually pointed beard grown only on the chin, also called circle beard or Van Dyke when connected to a mustache. Named for a goat's chin tuft (1842); revived by Jacob Elordi in 2025–2026.
God helmet
God helmet, or Koren helmet, a device by Michael Persinger applying weak temporal-lobe magnetic fields to induce a sensed presence; double-blind and placebo studies attribute reported experiences to suggestibility, not the fields.
Godanti bhasma
Godanti bhasma, an Ayurvedic calcined gypsum (calcium sulfate) preparation from the Sudha varga, used traditionally as antipyretic and antiulcer medicine; rat studies show gastroprotective and fever-reducing effects at 250-500 µg/kg.
GoDARTS study
GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland), a 1998 University of Dundee cohort of 18,306 participants (10,149 type 2 diabetes cases, 8,157 controls) with DNA, linked NHS records, and ongoing recruitment.
Godfrey P. Oakley Jr.
Godfrey P. Oakley Jr. was an American epidemiologist and Emory professor who led the campaign that made the FDA require folic acid fortification of enriched grains to prevent spina bifida.
Goflikicept
Goflikicept (RPH-104), an R-Pharm IL-1α/IL-1β trap fusion protein with a 10-day half-life, dosed subcutaneously every 2 weeks; in a phase II/III trial for idiopathic recurrent pericarditis it gave 0% recurrences versus 90% on placebo.
Goitre
Goitre: enlargement of the thyroid gland causing a neck swelling, mainly from iodine deficiency, nodules, thyroiditis, or hyper/hypothyroidism; treated by observation, medication, radioiodine, or surgery.
Gojihvadi kvatha curna
Gojihvadi kvatha curna (Gojihvadi Kwath Churna), an Ayurvedic coarse-powder decoction from Siddhayoga Samgraha, standardized in API Part-II; Onosma bracteatum with licorice, fennel, and others, used for kapha fever and respiratory ailments.
Golcadomide
Golcadomide (CC-99282, BMS-986369) is an investigational oral Bristol Myers Squibb cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD) that degrades Ikaros and Aiolos; unapproved, in phase 1-3 lymphoma trials including GOLSEEK-1.
Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome
Goldberg-Shprintzen megacolon syndrome (GOSHS, megacolon-microcephaly syndrome), rare autosomal recessive disorder from KIFBP/KIAA1279 mutations, combining Hirschsprung disease, microcephaly, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphism.
Goldmann-Favre syndrome
Goldmann-Favre syndrome, also called enhanced S-cone syndrome (ESCS, OMIM 268100), is a rare autosomal recessive vitreoretinal degeneration caused by NR2E3 mutations, with night blindness, nummular pigment clumping, retinoschisis, and pathognomonic ERG findings.
Goldwater rule
The Goldwater rule is Section 7.3 of the American Psychiatric Association's ethics code (1973), barring psychiatrists from offering professional opinions on public figures without a personal examination, after the 1964 Fact magazine poll of Barry Goldwater.
Golfer's elbow
Golfer's elbow, medically medial epicondylitis, is an overuse tendinopathy of the common flexor-pronator tendon at the inner elbow from repetitive wrist flexion and pronation; treated first with rest, exercise, and bracing, surgery rarely needed.
Golgi tendon reflex
Golgi tendon reflex (inverse myotatic reflex, autogenic inhibition): spinal reflex where Golgi tendon organ Ib afferents disynaptically inhibit the contracting muscle's alpha motor neurons and excite antagonists; task-dependent, not just protective.
Golgi's method
Golgi's method (reazione nera), Camillo Golgi's 1873 silver impregnation technique, stains 1–5% of neurons fully black; basis of the neuron doctrine debate with Cajal and still used for single-neuron morphology.
Golidocitinib (DZD4205)
Golidocitinib (DZD4205) is an oral, highly selective JAK1 inhibitor developed by Dizal Pharmaceuticals, approved in China in 2024 for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
Golimumab
Golimumab, marketed as Simponi and Simponi Aria, is a human monoclonal antibody that blocks TNFα, approved in 2009 to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and ulcerative colitis.
Gollop-Wolfgang complex
Gollop-Wolfgang complex, also called bifurcated femora-hand ectrodactyly complex, is a rare congenital limb malformation combining distal bifid femur and tibial hemimelia, with or without hand ectrodactyly, incidence about 1 in 1,000,000 live births.
Golodirsen
Golodirsen (Vyondys 53), a 25-mer phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer by Sarepta, treats DMD amenable to exon 53 skipping; FDA accelerated approval December 12, 2019, 30 mg/kg weekly IV.
Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome
Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome (cerebellotrigeminal-dermal dysplasia, OMIM 601853) is an ultra-rare neurocutaneous disorder combining rhombencephalosynapsis, scalp alopecia, and often trigeminal anesthesia; about 57 cases reported, cause unknown.
Gomutra haritaki
Gomutra haritaki (Gomūtra Harītakī) is a classical Ayurvedic powder formulation of haritaki (Terminalia chebula) processed in cow's urine with herbal decoctions, used for oedema, hemorrhoids, anemia, and oral disease; official in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.
Gonad
Gonad: the gamete-producing reproductive gland, ovary (eggs) or testis (sperm); also an endocrine gland making sex hormones. Develops bipotential from the urogenital ridge; SRY triggers testis, Foxl2/Wnt4 the ovary.
Gonadarche
Gonadarche: reactivation of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator at puberty onset, causing gonadal maturation and sex steroid secretion; first sign is thelarche in girls, testicular enlargement (≥4 mL) in boys; distinct from adrenarche.