Human health and medicine

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare fibroinflammatory narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords of unknown cause, affecting mostly middle-aged white women, often misdiagnosed as asthma, and treated by endoscopic dilation, endoscopic resection with medical therapy, or cricotracheal resection.

Idiopathic trachyonychia

Idiopathic trachyonychia, also called twenty-nail dystrophy, is a benign inflammatory nail matrix disorder causing rough, ridged, brittle nails without associated disease. It peaks at ages 3–12, is nonscarring, often self-resolves, and has no reliably effective evidence-based therapy.

Idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome

Idiopathic uveal effusion syndrome (IUES, uveal effusion syndrome type 3) is a rare acquired eye disease with suprachoroidal fluid causing ciliochoroidal and exudative retinal detachment, diagnosed by exclusion, treated mainly by sclerectomy.

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a diagnosis of exclusion in sudden cardiac arrest survivors whose ventricular fibrillation stays unexplained after structural, channelopathic, metabolic, and toxicological causes are ruled out; typically young patients, 5-12% of arrests, with genetic yield 2-17%.

Idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension

Idiopathic/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension, formerly primary pulmonary hypertension (OMIM 178600), is a rare group 1 PAH; BMPR2 mutations cause 70-80% of heritable and 10-20% of idiopathic cases, with autosomal dominant low-penetrance inheritance.

Idrabiotaparinux sodium

Idrabiotaparinux sodium (SSR126517E) is a biotinylated, once-weekly injectable indirect factor Xa inhibitor pentasaccharide derived from idraparinux, reversible with avidin; tested in EQUINOX, CASSIOPEA, and BOREALIS-AF but never marketed.

Idraparinux

Idraparinux (SANORG 34006, SR 34006) is a synthetic, antithrombin-dependent factor Xa inhibitor pentasaccharide, an analogue of fondaparinux, given as 2.5 mg weekly subcutaneous injections; phase III trials showed excess bleeding and development ceased.

Idursulfase

Idursulfase (Elaprase) is recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase enzyme replacement therapy for Hunter syndrome (MPS II), given weekly at 0.5 mg/kg IV; FDA-approved July 24, 2006, EU 2007; does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

Oct 20, 2026

Idursulfase beta

Idursulfase beta (Hunterase, GC1111) is a CHO-cell recombinant iduronate-2-sulfatase for weekly IV enzyme replacement therapy in Hunter syndrome (MPS II), approved in Korea in 2012, with higher FGly content and specific activity than idursulfase (Elaprase).

IE regimen (chemotherapy)

The IE regimen, also known as the Ifosfamide-Etoposide Rhabdomyosarcoma Regimen, pairs ifosfamide with etoposide for five days, used front-line and as salvage therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and osteosarcoma.

IEC 60601

IEC 60601, the IEC series on basic safety and essential performance of medical electrical equipment; general standard 60601-1 (edition 3.2, 2020), collateral standards such as 60601-1-2 EMC, and over 80 particular 60601-2-X device standards.

Ifebemtinib

Ifebemtinib (IN10018, BI 853520) is an oral, ATP-competitive FAK (PTK2) inhibitor developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and now InxMed, in Phase III for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer and combined with KRAS G12C inhibitors.

Iferanserin

Iferanserin (MPEC, MSA-100, VEN 309) is a peripheral 5-HT2A receptor antagonist developed as a 0.5% intra-anal ointment for internal hemorrhoids; its Phase 3 trial failed and development was discontinued in June 2012.

Ifinatamab deruxtecan

Ifinatamab deruxtecan (I-DXd, DS-7300) is a B7-H3-directed antibody-drug conjugate with a DXd topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, DAR 4, developed by Daiichi Sankyo and Merck for SCLC, prostate, and esophageal cancers; FDA priority review 2026.

IFNfreeCOG trial

IFNfreeCOG (NCT02469012), a German trial of neurocognitive performance and emotional state in chronic hepatitis C patients on interferon-free sofosbuvir-based therapy, run by University of Wuerzburg at Burghausen with TAP, SF-36, HADS, and FIS-D measures.

Oct 15, 2026

Ifosfamide

Ifosfamide is an intravenous chemotherapy drug of the oxazaphosphorine class, a structural isomer of cyclophosphamide introduced in 1967, used against sarcoma, lymphoma, testicular cancer, and lung and ovarian cancers.

Ifosfamide/doxorubicin regimen

The ifosfamide/doxorubicin (ID, or Dox-Ifos) regimen is a combination chemotherapy pairing ifosfamide with doxorubicin, given in 21-day cycles mainly to treat soft-tissue sarcomas, including rhabdomyosarcoma.

Ifupinostat hydrochloride for injection

Ifupinostat hydrochloride for injection (BEBT-908, CUDC-908) is an intravenous dual PI3Kα/HDAC inhibitor approved in China on 30 June 2025 for relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after two prior systemic therapies; the first dual HDAC/PI3K inhibitor approved anywhere.

IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) is an autoimmune kidney disease with IgA deposits in glomeruli, first described in 1968; the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide, causing hematuria, proteinuria, and kidney failure in roughly 20-50% of patients.

Oct 20, 2026

IgA pemphigus

IgA pemphigus (immunoglobulin A pemphigus, intercellular IgA dermatosis) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease with IgA antibodies against desmocollins or desmogleins, causing annular vesicopustular eruptions treated with dapsone and steroids.

Igamecf study

Igamecf study: clinical trial NCT02277860, Gaming Console Home-Based Exercise for Adults With Cystic Fibrosis; 12-week Wii Fit Plus exergame program testing peak VO2 at University of Alabama at Birmingham.

IgG index

The IgG index is a CSF and serum ratio used in neurology to detect IgG produced within the central nervous system, once used in multiple sclerosis workup.

IgG4-related disease

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition with tumor-like organ masses, storiform fibrosis, obliterative phlebitis, IgG4+/IgG+ ratio over 40%, treated with steroids and rituximab.

IgM antibody-capture ELISA

The IgM antibody-capture ELISA (MAC-ELISA) is a serologic immunoassay that first captures all of a patient's IgM antibodies, then detects virus-specific IgM among them, giving presumptive evidence of recent infection from one sample.

Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis (Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis, 1818–1865), Hungarian obstetrician called the savior of mothers, showed childbed fever spread on doctors' hands and cut Vienna clinic mortality from 10% to 2% using 4% chlorinated lime handwashing from May 1847.

IGNITE-AIS trial

IGNITE-AIS (NCT04931433) is a completed Phase 4, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial at University of Malaya testing intravenous lignocaine during posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, with 24-hour morphine consumption as the primary outcome.

Oct 20, 2026

Igovomab

Igovomab (Indimacis 125, OC-125) is a murine IgG1 F(ab')2 antibody targeting CA125 (MUC16), radiolabelled with indium-111 via DTPA for imaging relapsing ovarian adenocarcinoma; EU-authorized 1996 by CIS bio international, later withdrawn.

Iguratimod

Iguratimod (T-614, marketed as Iremod) is a small-molecule csDMARD approved in Japan and China for rheumatoid arthritis; it inhibits NF-κB and COX-2 and shows meta-analysis-supported efficacy in RA, AS, and Sjögren's syndrome.

IIHTT trial

IIHTT (Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial, NCT01003639): NORDIC's 165-participant randomized trial showing acetazolamide plus a low-sodium weight-reduction diet modestly improved visual field, papilledema, quality of life, and weight in IIH with mild visual loss.