Human health and medicine

Ilaprazole

Ilaprazole (IY-81149) is a proton pump inhibitor drug developed by Il-Yang Pharmaceutical of South Korea and used to suppress gastric acid secretion in peptic ulcer and reflux disease.

Ileal conduit urinary diversion

An ileal conduit is an incontinent urinary diversion in which the ureters drain into a short ileal segment brought out as a stoma, most common after cystectomy.

Ileal neuroendocrine tumor (ileal NET, ORPHA:100078): rare malignant well-differentiated serotonin-producing enterochromaffin-cell tumor of the terminal ileum, ICD-10 C17.2, often metastatic at diagnosis, indolent course.

Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis

Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), or restorative proctocolectomy, removes the colon and rectum and joins an ileal reservoir to the anus, avoiding a permanent stoma; it is the gold standard for ulcerative colitis and FAP.

ILEO trial

The ILEO trial was a Canadian randomized controlled trial testing whether patients after loop ileostomy closure could safely be discharged within 23 hours instead of staying several days.

Ileocecal resection

Ileocecal resection, also called ileocecectomy, is surgery removing the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, and appendix as one unit, then reconnecting the bowel; Crohn's disease is the most common indication.

Ileocecal valve

The ileocecal valve is the anatomical structure where the ileum opens into the cecum, controlling the flow of chyme into the large intestine and preventing backflow into the small intestine.

Ileocolic resection

Ileocolic resection is a surgical operation removing the terminal ileum, ileocecal valve, cecum, and part of the ascending colon, mainly to treat localized ileocecal Crohn's disease.

Ileocolonic anastomosis

An ileocolonic anastomosis is a surgical connection between the ileum and the colon, restoring intestinal continuity after right hemicolectomy, most often for cancer and Crohn's disease.

Ileorectal anastomosis

An ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) is surgery that removes the entire colon and joins the small intestine to the retained rectum, avoiding a stoma; it is used mainly for ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and slow-transit constipation.

Ileostomy

Ileostomy: a surgical stoma bringing the end of the small bowel through the abdomen so waste collects in a bag. Types: end and loop; temporary or permanent. Kock pouch is the continent variant.

ILERVAS trial

The ILERVAS trial is a randomized screening study in Lleida, Spain, enrolling 16,660 people at low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk from 2015 to 2018 to test whether arterial ultrasound screening affects cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Ileum

The ileum is the final and longest segment of the small intestine, about 3 meters long, ending at the ileocecal valve and absorbing vitamin B12 and bile salts.

Oct 20, 2026

Ileus

Paralytic ileus, also called adynamic or functional ileus, is temporary non-mechanical paralysis of intestinal peristalsis, most often after abdominal surgery; other causes include opioids, hypokalemia, and peritonitis. Treated supportively with bowel rest, IV fluids, and nasogastric suction.

Iliac crest

Iliac crest (crista iliaca), the curved superior border of the ilium palpable at the waist; runs ASIS to PSIS, marks roughly L4 via the supracristal plane, anchors trunk and hip muscles, and serves for bone graft, marrow harvest, and Risser staging.

Oct 20, 2026

Iliac crest spur

Iliac crest spur (ICD-11 FB54.0; ICD-10-CM M76.2) is a bony exostosis at iliac muscle origins on the pelvic iliac crest, an enthesopathy seen with chronic enthesitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and DISH.

Iliac vein thrombosis

Iliac vein thrombosis, also called iliofemoral or proximal DVT and often linked to May-Thurner compression, is clot in the pelvic iliac veins causing whole-leg swelling, with high risks of pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome.

iLiNS-DYAD-M trial

iLiNS-DYAD-M (NCT01239693) was a randomized controlled trial in Mangochi district, Malawi, testing 20 g daily lipid-based nutrient supplements for pregnant women and infants against iron-folic acid and multiple micronutrients; it found no effect on birth outcomes, growth, or development.

Iliopsoas

Iliopsoas: the hip musculotendinous unit of psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus; the body's strongest hip flexor, inserting on the lesser trochanter, innervated by lumbar plexus and femoral nerve, and prone to tendinopathy, bursitis, abscess, and snapping hip.

Iliotibial band syndrome

Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS, iliotibial band friction syndrome) is an overuse injury causing lateral knee pain in runners and cyclists, treated first with structured rehabilitation; PRP has emerging Level I evidence for refractory cases.

Iliotibial tract

Iliotibial tract (iliotibial band, Maissiat's band): thickened lateral thigh fascia lata band from iliac crest to Gerdy's tubercle, aponeurosis for tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus; source of iliotibial band syndrome in runners.

Ilium (bone)

Ilium (os ilium), the largest and most superior of the three bones (with ischium and pubis) forming the hip bone; a flat bone with iliac crest, ala, and ASIS, fusing at the acetabulum in adolescence.

Ilizarov apparatus

Ilizarov apparatus: circular external fixator with rings, tensioned wires, and adjustable rods, invented by Gavriil Ilizarov in the Soviet Union (1952-1954) for limb lengthening, deformity correction, bone transport, and infected non-union via distraction osteogenesis at about 1 mm per day.