25,729 articles
Immunoglobulin therapy
Immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG, SCIG, IMIG) is pooled-donor IgG used since Bruton's 1952 first use to replace antibodies in immunodeficiency and, since Imbach's 1981 observation, to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as ITP, Kawasaki disease, and CIDP.
Immunohematology
Immunohematology, or blood group serology, is the laboratory study of red cell blood group antigens and antibodies for transfusion medicine, built on hemagglutination testing, reference-laboratory antibody identification, and DNA-based blood group genotyping.
Immunologic Cytotoxicity Tests
Immunologic cytotoxicity tests are laboratory assays showing how lymphocytes, antibodies, or complement damage target cells, covering cell-mediated killing assays and antibody-mediated crossmatches used to prevent transplant rejection.
Immunologic Graft Enhancement
Immunologic graft enhancement (immunologic enhancement of grafts): prolonged allograft survival induced by graft-specific antibody, passively via donor antibodies masking graft antigens or actively via recipient immunization blocking T-cell cytotoxicity; discovered in tumor transplantation.
Immunologic Monitoring
Immunologic monitoring (immune monitoring, MeSH D015166): testing of immune status in diagnosis and therapy of cancer, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disease, and transplantation, using humoral assays, flow and mass cytometry, and functional T-cell assays.
Immunologic Pregnancy Tests
Immunologic pregnancy tests detect hCG in urine or serum using antigen-antibody reactions, beginning with the 1960 Wide-Gemzell hemagglutination inhibition test and evolving through RIA, latex agglutination, and enzyme immunoassay into modern home tests.
Immunologic Tests
Immunologic tests, also called immunodiagnosis or serologic tests, are antibody-antigen-based diagnostic assays, spanning ELISA, radioimmunoassay, agglutination, and lateral flow immunoassay formats used for pregnancy, infection, hormone, and drug detection.
ImmunoPET
ImmunoPET is a molecular imaging method in nuclear medicine that pairs radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies with PET to measure where a target accumulates in a patient.
ImmunoPET imaging
ImmunoPET imaging is a molecular imaging method in nuclear medicine that uses radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and PET to map targets such as HER2 and PD-L1 across all lesions at once, mainly in oncology.
Immunophenotyping
Immunophenotyping is a laboratory assay that identifies and quantifies immune cells by their protein markers, usually via flow cytometry, underpinning leukemia classification, HIV CD4 monitoring, and MRD follow-up.
Immunoradiotherapy
Immunoradiotherapy is the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy, most often checkpoint inhibitors, so radiation turns the tumor into an in-situ vaccine; its clinical anchor is the PACIFIC trial in lung cancer.
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression: reduced ability of the immune system to fight infection and disease, caused by HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or deliberately induced with drugs such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and azathioprine to prevent transplant rejection.
Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs, also called immunosuppressants, are agents that dampen immune responses to prevent transplant rejection and treat autoimmune disease; major classes include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antiproliferatives, mTOR inhibitors, and antibodies.
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy (GOMMID) is a rare kidney disease in which immunoglobulin forms microtubular deposits in the glomeruli, typically causing proteinuria, hematuria, and kidney dysfunction, and is often linked to lymphoma or plasma cell disorders.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy, also known as biological therapy, is a treatment that boosts or dampens immune activity to fight cancer, infection, and other diseases; it is a main pillar of cancer care.
Immunotherapy induced hypophysitis
Immunotherapy induced hypophysitis, or ICI-induced hypophysitis, is pituitary inflammation from immune checkpoint inhibitors, mainly ipilimumab (CTLA-4), causing ACTH and TSH deficiency, treated with hormone replacement.
Immunotoxin therapy
Immunotoxin therapy is a cancer treatment fusing a protein toxin to an antibody or ligand that targets tumor cells; three such drugs have been FDA approved since 1999.
Immunoturbidimetry
Immunoturbidimetry is a homogeneous immunoassay technique that quantifies analytes such as serum proteins by measuring the turbidity, or loss of transmitted light, from antigen-antibody complexes, and runs on automated clinical chemistry analyzers.
Imojev md
IMOJEV MD, WHO-prequalified multidose presentation of Imojev (JE-CV, ChimeriVax-JE), a live attenuated chimeric yellow fever 17D/SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine; single 0.5 mL subcutaneous dose, 4-dose vial, made by GPO-MBP Thailand, prequalified 18 September 2014.
Imovax polio
Imovax Polio (IMOVAX POLIO) is Sanofi's inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), licensed in France since 1982 and WHO-prequalified, containing Mahoney, MEF-1, and Saukett strains at 40/8/32 D-antigen units per 0.5 ml dose.
IMP1734 (PARP1-selective inhibitor)
IMP1734 (EIK1003) is a potent, highly selective PARP1 inhibitor developed by IMPACT Therapeutics and licensed to Eikon Therapeutics outside Greater China, in Phase 1/2 trials for advanced solid tumors with HRR mutations.
IMPACNEO trial
IMPACNEO (NCT04735445), a Spanish multicenter pragmatic randomized trial comparing enhanced comprehensive cancer screening with EACS standard care in people with HIV; 4,638 planned participants, 84% adherence, 29.4% positive baseline screening findings.
IMPACT study (NCT03831490)
IMPACT (NCT03831490), Study for Improving Maternal, Pregnancy and Child Outcomes: Swedish prospective multicentre cohort by Uppsala University, 2018-2022, 13,000 first-trimester pregnancies, building preeclampsia prediction models and a national biobank.
IMPACT trial (NCT07420426)
IMPACT (NCT07420426, IMPACT2025) is a University of Hong Kong randomized trial testing 9 weeks of automated instant message-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy against general mental health messages for neuropsychiatric symptoms in adults aged 50+ with mild cognitive impairment; 160 participants, recruiting, completion expected December 2026.
Impacted cerumen
Impacted cerumen (earwax blockage, ICD-11 AA42, ICD-10 H61.2): wax accumulation causing symptoms or blocking ear examination; affects 10% of children, 5% of adults; treated with cerumenolytics, irrigation, or manual removal.
Impacted teeth
Impacted teeth (dental impaction, ICD-11 DA07.8) are teeth unable to erupt properly, most often lower third molars; about 37% of people have an impacted third molar, with removal recommended only when pathology exists.
Impacted wisdom teeth
Impacted wisdom teeth are third molars blocked by bone or soft tissue from fully erupting, usually ages 18-24. Also third molar impaction; causes pericoronitis, caries, cysts; removal versus watchful waiting debated.
IMPACTonIMT trial
IMPACTonIMT (NCT01291641) trial: randomized Korean-Chinese study of probucol, or probucol plus cilostazol, added to statins in coronary artery disease; no carotid IMT benefit at 3 years.
ImPAcTT trial
ImPAcTT (Improving Palliative Care Access Through Technology), NCT04969484, is a University of Utah telehealth palliative care pilot for nursing home residents led by Caroline Stephens; non-randomized, 3 nursing homes, enrollment 81, status suspended after COVID-19 disruptions. Distinct from the IMPACTT team-based RCT and the Australian IMPART trial.
Impaired abstract thinking
Impaired abstract thinking (ICD-11 MB21.6) is a cognitive clinical sign of concrete, non-figurative reasoning, assessed in the mental status examination and WAIS Similarities, seen in dementias and schizophrenia.