25,729 articles
3D computed tomography
3D computed tomography (3D CT) is an X-ray imaging method that reconstructs cross-sectional attenuation measurements into a volumetric dataset, rendered as 3D images for diagnosis and treatment planning.
3D conformal radiation therapy
3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a radiotherapy technique that shapes multiple beams to match the tumor's shape, permitting higher tumor doses while limiting dose to organs at risk.
3D echocardiography
3D echocardiography is an ultrasound method that acquires volumetric, moving images of the heart, giving left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with accuracy similar to cardiac MRI.
3D mammography
3D mammography, formally digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), is an X-ray imaging method that reconstructs thin breast slices, reducing tissue overlap, FDA approved for screening in 2011.
3D study
3D study (Design, Develop, Discover; Découvrir, Développer, Devenir), a Quebec pregnancy and birth cohort of 2,366 women recruited 2010–2012 by IRNPQEO, following mother–father–child triads to age 2 with biospecimens and neurodevelopmental data.
3D ultrasound
3D ultrasound is an imaging method that reconstructs many ultrasound slices into a volumetric image of body structures, used in echocardiography, obstetrics, urology, and radiotherapy guidance.
3M syndrome
3M syndrome (Yakut short stature syndrome, Le Merrer syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive primordial growth disorder caused by CUL7, OBSL1, or CCDC8 variants, causing severe short stature with normal intelligence; distinct from the immunotherapy Triple M syndrome.
3MC syndrome
3MC syndrome (Malpuech-Michels-Mingarelli-Carnevale syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder from COLEC10, COLEC11, or MASP1 mutations, causing facial clefts, craniosynostosis, growth and intellectual disability, distinct from 3-M syndrome.
3q26 microduplication syndrome
3q26 microduplication syndrome, also called Dup(3)(q26) or Trisomy 3q26, is a rare chromosomal anomaly with growth retardation, developmental delay, and congenital anomalies including caudal malformations; prevalence under 1 in 1,000,000.
3q27.3 microdeletion syndrome
3q27.3 microdeletion syndrome, also called Del(3)(q27.3), is a rare chromosomal disorder, first described in 2014, causing mild to severe intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric illness, and distinctive facial features.
3q29 microdeletion syndrome
3q29 microdeletion syndrome, also called 3q29 deletion syndrome, is a rare genomic disorder from a recurrent 1.6-Mb deletion at chromosome 3q29, causing intellectual disability, autism, and 20-40-fold increased schizophrenia risk.
3q29 microduplication syndrome
3q29 microduplication syndrome (trisomy 3q29, OMIM 611936) is a rare autosomal dominant genomic disorder from an extra ~1.6 Mb copy at chromosome 3q29 with ~20 genes, causing variable, usually mild neurodevelopmental features, reciprocal to 3q29 microdeletion syndrome.
3SBio long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
罗赛促红素α (新比澳, SSS06/rESP) is 3SBio's long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, a high-glycosylated recombinant EPO with a 120-hour half-life, approved by NMPA in March 2026 for anemia of chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients, dosed intravenously every two weeks.
420 (cannabis culture)
420 (4:20, 4/20) is cannabis-culture slang for consuming marijuana at 4:20 p.m. and for the April 20 holiday. It was coined in 1971 by the Waldos at San Rafael High School and spread via Grateful Dead fans and High Times.
45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis
45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD, 45,X0/46,XY MGD) is a rare sex chromosome DSD with mosaicism causing a dysgenetic testis on one side, a streak gonad on the other, ambiguous genitalia, Turner stigmata, and gonadoblastoma risk.
46,XX gonadal dysgenesis
46,XX gonadal dysgenesis (XX-GD, hypergonadotropic ovarian dysgenesis) is a rare DSD in phenotypically female 46,XX individuals: streak gonads, amenorrhea, elevated LH/FSH, premature ovarian failure; managed with hormone replacement and egg donation.
46,XX ovotesticular difference of sex development
46,XX ovotesticular DSD (46,XX ovotesticular difference of sex development, formerly true hermaphroditism): rare DSD with both testicular and ovarian tissue in a 46,XX person; about 1/20,000 births, mostly SRY negative.
46,XY difference of sex development due to 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency
46,XY difference of sex development due to 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency, also called 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive condition impairing testosterone production.
46,XY ovotesticular difference of sex development
46,XY ovotesticular DSD (formerly true hermaphroditism) is a rare genetic DSD with both testicular and ovarian tissue in a 46,XY person; ambiguous genitalia, infertility, tumor risk, prevalence about 1-9 per 100,000.
46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis
46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (46,XY PGD, partial testicular dysgenesis) is a rare DSD with atypical gonadal development and genital ambiguity in a 46,XY karyotype, caused by genes such as NR5A1, SRY, and NR0B1, with elevated FSH and variable tumor risk.
48,XXXY syndrome
48,XXXY syndrome (XXXY males, XXXY syndrome) is a rare sex chromosome condition in boys and men with three X chromosomes and one Y, causing intellectual disability, speech delay, tall stature, hypogonadism, and infertility.
48,XYYY syndrome
48,XYYY syndrome, also written 48 XYYY, is an extremely rare male-only sex chromosome aneuploidy with one X and three Y chromosomes, causing speech delay, tall stature, dental enamel defects, acne, and adult hypogonadism with infertility; about a dozen cases reported since 1965.
49,XXXXY syndrome
49,XXXXY syndrome (Fraccaro syndrome), a rare male sex chromosome aneuploidy with three extra X chromosomes, incidence 1:85,000-100,000 male births, causing intellectual disability, severe speech delay, hypotonia, skeletal and cardiac defects, hypogonadism, and infertility, distinct from Klinefelter syndrome.
4D flow MRI
4D flow MRI is a phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures blood flow velocity in three dimensions over the cardiac cycle, used in cardiovascular diagnosis.
4D MOTION-2 trial
4D MOTION-2 (NCT04958083) is a Royal Brompton and Harefield pilot trial using multiphase ECG-gated CT and finite element modeling to link aortic 4D motion and wall stress to post-treatment aortic events in 30 patients.
4D PET
4D PET is a respiratory-gated PET technique that sorts scan data into bins of the breathing cycle, reducing motion blur for lung and liver tumors and radiotherapy planning.
4D ultrasound
4D ultrasound is dynamic 3D volumetric imaging: a sequence of 3D ultrasound volumes displayed as moving rendered images, used mainly to assess the fetal heart and other anomalies.
4H leukodystrophy
4H leukodystrophy, also called POLR3-related leukodystrophy, is an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy caused by biallelic variants in POLR3A, POLR3B, POLR1C, or POLR3K, marked by hypomyelination, hypodontia, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
4Kscore
The 4Kscore is a blood test combining four prostate-derived kallikrein biomarkers with age and exam findings to estimate the probability of aggressive prostate cancer on biopsy.
4p16.3 microduplication syndrome
4p16.3 microduplication syndrome (ORPHA:96072), also called distal or telomeric 4p duplication, is a rare chromosomal disorder from partial duplication of chromosome 4p16.3, causing psychomotor and language delay, seizures, dysmorphism, and eye abnormalities.