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Infectious oedema
Infectious oedema (ICD-11 MG29.2) is infection-related tissue swelling, a residual code under MG29 Oedema; mechanisms include inflammatory capillary permeability increase and lymphatic obstruction, as in filariasis.
Infectious oesophagitis
Infectious oesophagitis (感染性食道炎), ICD-11 DA24.0, is oesophageal inflammation from an infectious agent, mainly Candida, HSV, or CMV, occurring mostly in immunocompromised patients and diagnosed by endoscopy with biopsy.
Infectious optic neuropathy
Infectious optic neuropathy (ION): optic nerve damage from viral, bacterial, parasitic, or fungal infection (CMV, syphilis, tuberculosis, Bartonella, fungi), via direct invasion or post-infectious immune injury, requiring antimicrobial versus immunosuppressive decisions.
Infectious panuveitis
Infectious panuveitis is an uncommon eye disease in which viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection diffusely inflames the entire uveal tract, retina, and vitreous, threatening vision.
Infectious pericarditis
Infectious pericarditis (ICD-11 BB20.0; ICD-10 I30.1 infective pericarditis) is pericardial inflammation from bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Viral causes dominate in developed countries; tuberculosis dominates in endemic areas; purulent pericarditis is rare but fatal untreated.
Infectious posterior uveitis
Infectious posterior uveitis, also called infectious posterior segment uveitis, is infection-driven inflammation of the retina and choroid (ICD-10 H32.0), caused mainly by Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, herpesviruses, syphilis, and tuberculosis, and treated with antimicrobials before steroids.
Infectious scleritis
Infectious scleritis is microbial infection of the sclera, 5–10% of scleritis cases, usually bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) after pterygium surgery or trauma; distinct from autoimmune scleritis, needing antimicrobials plus debridement.
Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1
Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH, HAID): rare severe chronic infected eczema of childhood caused by the retrovirus HTLV-1, first described in Jamaica in 1966, mainly in Jamaica and Brazil, treated with prolonged antibiotics.
Infective endocarditis
Infective endocarditis (IE) is infection of the heart's inner lining, usually valves, caused by bloodborne bacteria. Key facts: 1.04 million cases in 2021, S. aureus leading pathogen, Duke-ISCVID 2023 diagnosis, ESC 2023 antibiotic and surgery guidance.
Inferior colliculus
The inferior colliculus (IC) is a paired midbrain structure serving as the main relay for auditory information traveling from the inner ear to the auditory cortex, supporting sound localization.
Inferior epigastric artery
Inferior epigastric artery (deep inferior epigastric artery, DIEA): artery of the anterior abdominal wall arising from the external iliac artery above the inguinal ligament, anastomosing with the superior epigastric artery, forming Hesselbach's triangle's lateral border, and at risk in trocar placement.
Inferior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), unpaired abdominal aorta branch supplying the hindgut. Arises near L3, branches into left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries; key in colorectal surgery and mesenteric collateral circulation.
Inferior mesenteric vein
The inferior mesenteric vein, or vena mesenterica inferior, is the vein draining the left colon and upper rectum into the portal system, most often through the splenic vein.
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling
Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is an endocrinology procedure that distinguishes pituitary from ectopic ACTH secretion in Cushing syndrome, the gold standard when pituitary MRI is equivocal.
Inferior phrenic arteries
Inferior phrenic arteries (arteriae phrenicae inferiores): paired arteries supplying the diaphragm's inferior surface and adrenal glands, with highly variable origins from the aorta or celiac trunk; key extrahepatic collateral in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Inferior turbinate reduction
Inferior turbinate reduction is a group of surgical procedures that shrink enlarged inferior nasal turbinates to relieve nasal obstruction, ranging from office radiofrequency ablation under local anesthesia to microdebrider turbinoplasty.
Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava (IVC), vena cava inferior: the largest vein below the diaphragm, formed by the common iliac veins, carrying lower-body blood to the heart; site of IVC filters (PREPIC, PREPIC2) and ultrasound fluid assessment.
Inferior vena cava filter
Inferior vena cava filter, a metal device placed in the IVC to trap clots and prevent pulmonary embolism when anticoagulation fails or is contraindicated; reduces PE but raises DVT risk without mortality benefit.
Inferior vena cava interruption without azygos continuation
Inferior vena cava interruption without azygos continuation (ORPHA:99123, IVC interruption) is a rare congenital anomaly with complete IVC interruption and no azygos/hemiazygos continuity; lower-body return uses collaterals, causing DVT, edema, and loss of femoral venous access.
Infertility
Infertility: failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse, a reproductive-system disease affecting about 1 in 6 people worldwide; causes span male, female, and unexplained factors, treated with ovulation induction, surgery, IUI, and IVF.
Infibulation
Infibulation, WHO FGM Type III, is narrowing of the vaginal opening by cutting and repositioning the labia to form a seal; concentrated in Sudan and Somalia, treated by deinfibulation, with reinfibulation discouraged.
Infigratinib
Infigratinib (Truseltiq, BGJ398), an oral FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor by QED Therapeutics/Helsinn, won FDA accelerated approval May 28, 2021 for FGFR2-rearranged cholangiocarcinoma (ORR 23.1%) and was withdrawn May 16, 2024.
Infiltrative and storage cardiomyopathy
Infiltrative and storage cardiomyopathy is heart muscle disease caused by substances deposited within the myocardium, including cardiac sarcoidosis, hemochromatosis, Fabry disease, and glycogen storage diseases like Pompe and Danon.
Infiltrative optic neuropathy
Infiltrative optic neuropathy (ICD-11 9C40.6) is optic nerve dysfunction caused by cells infiltrating the nerve, most often leukemia, lymphoma, metastases, or granulomatous disease; treated with radiation and intrathecal chemotherapy.
Inflammatory aortic aneurysm
Inflammatory aortic aneurysm (IAAA, inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm), a 3-10% subtype of AAA with dense periaortic fibrosis and mantle sign on CT; IgG4-related in up to 57%; EVAR favored first-line.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): chronic relapsing-remitting gut inflammation, mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Distinguished by location (any GI tract vs colon only), rising global burden, and modern advanced-therapy guidelines.
Inflammatory breast cancer
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC, mastitis carcinomatosa), a rare aggressive breast cancer where tumor cells block skin lymph vessels, causing redness and swelling; always stage III or IV, 1-5% of US breast cancers, treated with chemo, mastectomy, and radiation.
Inflammatory conditions of jaws
Inflammatory conditions of jaws (ICD-11 DA06.0, formerly ICD-10 K10.2) is a diagnostic category covering osteitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis, jaw abscesses, sequestra, and drug- or radiation-induced osteonecrosis of the maxilla and mandible, mostly odontogenic in origin.
Inflammatory dermatoses of the vulva
Inflammatory dermatoses of the vulva: noninfectious inflammatory vulvar skin conditions, chiefly lichen sclerosus, lichen simplex chronicus, eczema, psoriasis, and lichen planus, classified by ISSVD histological reaction patterns and diagnosed by examination and biopsy.
Inflammatory diseases of the retina
Inflammatory diseases of the retina (ICD-11 9B72, 網膜の炎症性疾患): retinal inflammation category covering viral retinitis (CMV, HIV) and unspecified forms; retinal vasculitis coded separately at 9B78.12.