25,729 articles
American Thoracic Society
The American Thoracic Society (ATS) is an international medical society for respiratory, critical care, and sleep health, founded in 1905 and publishing four peer-reviewed journals.
Amibegron
Amibegron (SR 58611, SR58611A) is Sanofi's discontinued selective, brain-penetrant beta3-adrenoceptor agonist investigated for depression, anxiety, IBS, and obesity; Phase III development ended in 2008.
Amifampridine
Amifampridine (3,4-diaminopyridine; brands Firdapse, Ruzurgi) is a potassium channel blocker for symptomatic treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, approved in the EU (2009) and US (2018).
Amifostine
Amifostine, sold as Ethyol, is a prodrug that protects normal tissue during cancer treatment, approved in the United States for cisplatin kidney toxicity and radiation-induced dry mouth.
Amigo-AFL trial
Amigo-AFL (NCT02467179) was a UCSD randomized trial of Amigo robotic versus manual catheter manipulation for cavo-tricuspid isthmus ablation in atrial flutter; 50 patients, robotic arm had 0/25 vs 6/25 conduction recurrence but longer fluoroscopy time.
AMIGOS trial
AMIGOS (Assessment of Multiple Intrauterine Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation) trial: NICHD randomized trial of 900 couples with unexplained infertility comparing letrozole, clomiphene, and gonadotropin with IUI; letrozole lowered multiples versus gonadotropin but also live births (NCT01044862).
Amikacin
Amikacin: semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from kanamycin A, prepared 1972 by Bristol-Myers, FDA-approved 1981. Binds 30S ribosomal subunit; IV/IM dosing with TDM; used for severe gram-negative and MDR-TB infections; ARIKAYCE inhaled form for MAC lung disease.
Amiloride
Amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic and ENaC pore blocker (IC50 ~100 nM) acting in the distal nephron; FDA-approved 1981, used with thiazides for hypokalemia prevention, main risk hyperkalemia.
Amimestrocel injection
Amimestrocel injection (艾米迈托赛注射液, Ruibosheng/睿铂生), a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell drug by Platinum Life Excellence, conditionally approved by China NMPA on 2 January 2025 for steroid-refractory gastrointestinal aGVHD in patients 14+, the first MSC drug approved in China.
Amineptine
Amineptine, sold as Survector, is an atypical tricyclic antidepressant with stimulant properties that works on dopamine. Introduced in France in 1978, it was withdrawn over liver toxicity and abuse.
Aminoaciduria
Aminoaciduria: excess amino acids in urine from overproduction or failed renal tubular reabsorption (ICD-11 GB90.47). Seen in Fanconi syndrome, cystinuria, Hartnup disease, lysinuric protein intolerance; over 99% of filtered amino acids are normally reabsorbed.
Aminoacylase 1 deficiency
Aminoacylase 1 deficiency (ACY1D, OMIM 609924) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by ACY1 gene mutations, marked by urinary N-acetylated amino acids and variable neurological symptoms, from seizures to asymptomatic.
Aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic acid (EACA, Amicar), a synthetic lysine-analog antifibrinolytic, competitively blocks plasminogen activation to control bleeding; first described 1957 in Japan, FDA approved 1964, used in cardiac surgery blood conservation.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, plazomicin) are bactericidal antibiotics binding the 30S ribosome, active against aerobic gram-negative bacilli, inactive against anaerobes, dosed once daily with narrow toxicity margins.
Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy
Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a treatment in which aminolevulinic acid is applied to abnormal skin, converted to protoporphyrin IX, and activated with light to destroy cells.
Aminophylline
Aminophylline, the 2:1 theophylline-ethylenediamine compound (aminophyllinum), is a soluble intravenous methylxanthine bronchodilator introduced in 1937 for status asthmaticus, now an adjunct therapy with a narrow 10-20 mcg/mL therapeutic window.
Aminopterin
Aminopterin, also known as 4-aminofolic acid, is a synthetic folic acid analog that in 1948 became the first drug to induce remissions in childhood leukemia.
Aminopterin/methotrexate embryofetopathy
Aminopterin/methotrexate embryofetopathy (fetal aminopterin syndrome, ORPHA:1908) is a rare pattern of growth deficiency, craniofacial, skull, limb, cardiac, and neural defects caused by first-trimester maternal exposure to the folate antagonists aminopterin or methotrexate, critical at 6 to 8 weeks after conception.
Aminopyrine
Aminopyrine, also called aminophenazone or amidopyrine, is a synthetic pyrazolone drug marketed as Pyramidon in 1896, used for pain, fever, and inflammation, and withdrawn from most industrialized markets after it was linked to agranulocytosis.
Aminorex
Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline, Menocil, Apiquel) is a withdrawn amphetamine-like anorectic stimulant whose 1965-1968 European marketing caused a pulmonary hypertension epidemic; now UN Schedule IV, DEA Schedule I, and a levamisole metabolite.
Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital
Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) is a 500-bed federal tertiary teaching hospital on Zaria Road, Kano, Nigeria, established August 1988, affiliated with Bayero University Kano, led by CMD Prof. Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe.
Amiodarone
Amiodarone (Cordarone) is a plant-derived, iodine-rich class III antiarrhythmic drug developed in Belgium in the 1960s as an antianginal agent, FDA-approved in 1985, used for ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation but limited by pulmonary, thyroid, hepatic, and cardiac toxicity.
AMIRA study
AMIRA study (NCT03413150): observational pharmacodynamic modeling of amiodarone heart rate control in 80 critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias; 1,348 heart rate observations, published Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2016.
Amish lethal microcephaly
Amish lethal microcephaly (MCPHA, Amish microcephaly) is an autosomal recessive SLC25A19 (G177A) mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate transport disorder of the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, causing extreme congenital microcephaly, alpha-ketoglutaric aciduria, and death around five to six months.
Amish nemaline myopathy
Amish nemaline myopathy (NEM5A, TNNT1 nemaline myopathy): severe autosomal recessive nemaline myopathy of Old Order Amish from TNNT1 c.505G>T (p.Glu180Ter), neonatal hypotonia, tremors, pectus carinatum, death from respiratory failure, median survival 18 months.
Amisulpride
Amisulpride (Solian), a substituted benzamide atypical antipsychotic, selective D2/D3 antagonist developed in France; treats schizophrenia at 50-1200 mg/day in 50+ countries, and IV 5 mg Barhemsys treats postoperative nausea in the US.
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline (Elavil) is a tricyclic antidepressant approved by the FDA in 1961, used for depression and off-label or licensed for migraine prevention, neuropathic pain, and nocturnal enuresis, with marked anticholinergic side effects.
Amitriptylinoxide
Amitriptylinoxide (amitriptyline N-oxide; Ambivalon, Amioxid) is a tricyclic antidepressant prodrug of amitriptyline introduced in Europe in the 1970s, with weaker muscarinic and alpha-receptor affinity and a 1.5-hour elimination half-life.
Amivantamab
Amivantamab (Rybrevant, JNJ-61186372) is a fully human EGFR-MET bispecific antibody by Janssen for EGFR-mutated NSCLC; FDA approved May 21, 2021 for exon 20 insertions, later with lazertinib first line.
AML risk stratification and prognosis
AML risk stratification estimates a patient's odds of remission, relapse, and survival from chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations, using the European LeukemiaNet 2022 groups with measurable residual disease layered on top.