25,729 articles
Amla (Emblica officinalis) extract
Amla (Emblica officinalis, Indian gooseberry) extract: concentrated fruit preparation standardized to polyphenols and tannins; GRAS-notified as GRN 483 (FDA no questions, 2014); studied for lipid lowering.
Amlapittantaka Rasa
Amlapittantaka Rasa (Amlapittāntakarasa, अम्लपित्तान्तकरस), an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral Rasa Yoga for amlapitta (hyperacidity). Classical recipe: mercury, copper, iron bhasmas with haritaki; API-monographed; commercial version contains kajjali and mandura bhasma.
Amlexanox
Amlexanox (Aphthasol, Solfa) is a TBK1/IKKε-inhibiting anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory drug: a 5% oral paste for aphthous ulcers, approved in the US in 1996, and oral tablets in Japan for asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Amlitelimab
Amlitelimab (SAR445229, KY1005) is a fully human nondepleting anti-OX40L IgG4 monoclonal antibody developed by Sanofi for atopic dermatitis; positive phase 2 and phase 3 trials preceded Sanofi's July 2026 decision not to submit it for regulatory review.
Amlodipine
Amlodipine, a long-acting Pfizer-developed dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (besylate tablets, US approval 1987), treats hypertension and angina at 5-10 mg once daily; slow receptor binding, dose-related edema, reduced stroke risk versus other regimens.
Ammotherapy
Ammotherapy, also called psammotherapy or sand-bath therapy, is treatment by application of hot sand, traditionally for rheumatic conditions; MeSH D000646, with very limited clinical evidence from three studies.
Amnesia
Amnesia is partial or total loss of the ability to recall past experiences or store new memories, classified as retrograde, anterograde, or sense-specific. Causes include brain injury, stroke, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, encephalitis, dementias, and dissociative trauma; transient global amnesia is the most common acute form.
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis (also called amnio): ultrasound-guided withdrawal of amniotic fluid for fetal genetic diagnosis, performed from 15 weeks' gestation; procedure-related miscarriage risk about 0.11–0.35%, distinct from CVS and NIPT screening.
Amnioinfusion
Amnioinfusion is an obstetric procedure in which saline or Ringer's lactate is infused into the amniotic cavity, most often through a transcervical catheter during labor.
Amniotic band syndrome
Amniotic band syndrome (ABS), also called amniotic band sequence or Streeter anomaly, is a congenital disorder where fibrous amniotic strands constrict fetal parts, causing deformities or amputation, mostly of hands and feet, sometimes treated by fetoscopic band release.
Amniotic fluid embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), also called anaphylactoid syndrome of pregnancy, is a rare obstetric emergency where amniotic fluid enters maternal circulation, causing cardiovascular collapse, hypoxia, and DIC; incidence about 1.7 per 100,000 maternities with 13–30% case fatality.
Amniotic fluid index
Amniotic fluid index (AFI): ultrasound sum of the deepest fluid pocket in four uterine quadrants (Phelan 1987). Oligohydramnios AFI 25 cm; versus single deepest pocket it doubles diagnoses and inductions without better outcomes.
Amniotic membrane transplantation
Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) grafts preserved human amniotic membrane, a placental layer, onto damaged eye surfaces to promote healing while suppressing inflammation, neovascularization, and scarring.
Amniotomy
Amniotomy, also called artificial rupture of membranes (ARM), is an obstetric procedure that tears the amniotic sac to induce or augment labor or place fetal monitors.
Amobarbital
Amobarbital (Amytal, sodium amytal), 5-ethyl-5-(3-methylbutyl)barbituric acid, is an intermediate-acting sedative-hypnotic barbiturate known for the Wada test and amobarbital interview; Schedule II injectable in the US, discontinued by Bausch Health in 2024.
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis (amebiasis), infection by Entamoeba histolytica acquired via fecally contaminated food or water; most infections asymptomatic, but causes dysentery and liver abscess, treated with nitroimidazoles, no vaccine.
Amoebic keratitis
Amoebic keratitis, also called Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), is a rare, severe corneal infection caused by free-living amoebae, mainly Acanthamoeba, marked by pain out of proportion to findings, ring infiltrates, contact lens and water exposure, and months of biguanide-diamidine therapy.
Amoebic liver abscess
Amoebic liver abscess (hepatic amebiasis), caused by Entamoeba histolytica, is the most common extraintestinal amebiasis: solitary right-lobe lesion, male and alcohol-linked predilection, metronidazole treatment, distinguished from pyogenic liver abscess.
Amoebic lung abscess
Amoebic lung abscess (ICD-10 A06.5, ICD-11 1A36.11), pus cavity in lung from Entamoeba histolytica, usually by direct spread of amebic liver abscess through the diaphragm; treated with metronidazole.
Amonafide
Amonafide (nafidimide, NSC-308847; L-malate salt Xanafide/AS1413) is a naphthalimide DNA intercalator and topoisomerase II inhibitor tested in breast cancer and secondary AML trials; NAT2-dependent myelosuppression ended its development.
Amoproxan
Amoproxan (CERM 730, CAS 22661-76-3) is a withdrawn INN coronary vasodilator and antianginal drug, a trimethoxybenzoate ester with a morpholine ring, C22H35NO7, withdrawn after about a year for skin and sensory toxicity.
Amorolfine
Amorolfine (Loceryl, Curanail) is a morpholine antifungal used as a 5% once- or twice-weekly nail lacquer for mild onychomycosis; it inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis, is approved in Europe and Australia but not the US FDA, and cures roughly half of treated cases.
Amoscanate (nithiocyamine)
Amoscanate (nithiocyamine, CGP 4540), a Ciba-Geigy isothiocyanate diphenylamine antischistosomal drug, was widely used against S. japonicum in China but limited by liver damage and cardiac arrhythmias; superseded by praziquantel.
Amotivational syndrome
Amotivational syndrome, a hypothesized condition of apathy and reduced goal-directed behavior attributed to chronic cannabis use, coined by McGlothlin and West in 1968; systematic reviews find cross-sectional evidence equivocal and the construct poorly defined.
Amoxapine
Amoxapine (Asendin, Lederle) is a dibenzoxazepine antidepressant approved by FDA in 1980 (NDA 018021), now discontinued in the US; unlike other tricyclics it blocks dopamine receptors via 7-hydroxyamoxapine, causing neuroleptic-type effects.
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin, a semisynthetic aminopenicillin (β-lactam) antibiotic developed by Beecham and US-approved in 1974, treats respiratory, ear, skin, and urinary infections and H. pylori; WHO Access-group, often paired with clavulanate as Augmentin.
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin) is an oral penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor combination, first launched in 1981, used for respiratory, skin, and urinary infections, and the only oral beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination.
AMP study
AMP study (Adolescent Master Protocol, PHACS; AMP Up, AMP Up Lite): US prospective cohort following youth with perinatally acquired HIV and HIV-exposed uninfected peers, enrolled 2007-2009, studying long-term effects of HIV and antiretroviral therapy.
AMP Up study
AMP Up (Adolescent Master Protocol for Participants 18 Years of Age and Older) is a PHACS prospective cohort study following over 800 young adults with perinatally acquired HIV, plus exposed uninfected comparisons, at 14 US and Puerto Rico sites.
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B (AmB, Fungizone, AmBisome) is a polyene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces nodosus, licensed 1959, that binds fungal ergosterol; nephrotoxic deoxycholate form largely superseded by safer lipid formulations.