25,729 articles
LAACablation study
LAACablation (NCT03788941) is a physician-initiated prospective registry at Shanghai Xinhua Hospital studying left atrial appendage closure combined with catheter ablation in atrial fibrillation; 931-patient analysis found similar safety and efficacy in women and men.
Labetalol
Labetalol, the first combined alpha-1/beta-adrenergic blocker (alpha:beta 1:3 oral, 1:7 IV), treats hypertension; U.S. tablet approval 1984; preferred in pregnancy and for severe hypertension, with fatigue, nausea, dizziness as common effects.
Labia
Labia: the outer labia majora and inner labia minora, skin folds of the vulva protecting the urethral and vaginal openings. Highly variable in size (labia minora length roughly 20–100 mm); central to labiaplasty debates.
Labia minora
Labia minora: the inner folds of the vulva enclosing the vestibule, highly variable in size (length 5–100 mm) and richly innervated; also called nymphs, basis of labiaplasty.
Labia piercing
Labia piercing: a body piercing through the inner or outer labia, one of several female genital piercings. Distinguished by WHO FGM Type IV classification, 0.2% English prevalence, 45% complication rate, and saline aftercare.
Labiaplasty
Labiaplasty (labioplasty, nymphoplasty) is surgery to reduce or reshape the labia minora. Trim and wedge are the main techniques; over 18,813 US procedures in 2021, satisfaction above 90%, evidence quality limited.
Labor augmentation
Labor augmentation is the stimulation of the uterus after labor has begun on its own, using intravenous oxytocin, amniotomy, or both, when progress is slow.
Labor induction
Labor induction (induction of labor, IOL) is starting labor with medications or mechanical methods. Key facts: Bishop score, oxytocin and prostaglandins, ARRIVE trial 39-week cesarean 18.6% vs 22.2%, WHO 41-week advice.
Laboratory Critical Values
Laboratory critical values, also called panic or alert values, are life-threatening test results labs must report immediately. Introduced by Lundberg in 1972; required by CLIA, Joint Commission, and ISO 15189.
Laboratory evidence of human immunodeficiency virus
MA14.0 (laboratory evidence of human immunodeficiency virus; HIV test positive) is an ICD-11 code for positive or nonconclusive HIV laboratory findings, mapped to ICD-10 R75, excluding established HIV disease.
Laboratory medicine
Laboratory medicine (clinical pathology) is the medical discipline of analyzing blood, urine, and tissue specimens for diagnosis. Covers the total testing process, preanalytical error dominance, EQA, CLIA, and CAP/ISO 15189 accreditation.
Laboratory quality control
Laboratory quality control: IQC monitors precision within a lab via control charts (Levey-Jennings, Westgard rules), while EQA/proficiency testing independently compares accuracy between laboratories under ISO 15189.
Laboratory-developed test
A laboratory-developed test (LDT) is an in vitro diagnostic designed, manufactured, and used within a single CLIA-certified laboratory, common in genetic testing, oncology, and molecular diagnostics.
Labral reconstruction
Labral reconstruction is an arthroscopic procedure that rebuilds a damaged hip or shoulder labrum with graft tissue when the native labrum is too damaged to repair, restoring the joint's suction seal.
Labral repair
Labral repair is a surgical procedure, usually arthroscopic, that reattaches a torn labrum to its bony attachment in the hip or shoulder rather than removing it.
LABS-2 study
LABS-2 (Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2), NCT00465829: NIDDK-funded US observational cohort of 2,458 adults undergoing first bariatric surgery 2006–2009 at 10 hospitals, followed up to 7 years for weight, comorbidity, and mortality outcomes.
Labyrinth Fenestration
Labyrinth fenestration, also called fenestration operation, is a historical ear surgery for otosclerosis that created a new window into the lateral semicircular canal, perfected one-stage by Julius Lempert in 1938 and later replaced by stapedectomy.
Labyrinthectomy
Labyrinthectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the inner ear's balance organs to abolish vestibular function, sacrificing all remaining hearing and reserved for ears with nonserviceable hearing.
Labyrinthine dysfunction
Labyrinthine dysfunction (ICD-11 AB36) is impaired function of the inner ear's bony or membranous labyrinth, causing vertigo, nystagmus, dysequilibrium, or hearing loss; causes include labyrinthitis, Ménière's disease, and labyrinthine ischemia via the AICA.
Labyrinthine fistula
Labyrinthine fistula (perilymphatic fistula, ICD-11 AB35, ICD-10 H83.1): an abnormal communication between the inner ear's perilymphatic space and the middle ear, usually at the oval or round window, most often caused by cholesteatoma erosion or trauma.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is acute inflammation of the inner-ear labyrinth, causing prolonged vertigo with sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus, most often from viral infection and improving within weeks.
LAC L-134/33 trial
LAC L-134/33 (NCT07652827) is a completed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial by Universidad de Concepción, Chile, testing a 12-week daily capsule of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus L-134 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum L-33 in 22 adults with lactose intolerance and intestinal methanogenic overgrowth.
Laceration of Achilles tendon
Laceration of the Achilles tendon, an open tendon injury (ICD-10 S86.12-), often from toilet-seat or motorcycle-spoke trauma; treated with irrigation, antibiotics, and primary repair within 24 hours.
Laceration of bladder
Laceration of bladder, or urinary bladder laceration and bladder rupture, is a cut in the bladder wall most often caused by blunt trauma and is classified under ICD-11 as NB92.21.
Laceration of duodenum
Laceration of duodenum (十二指腸裂創), a traumatic tear of the duodenal wall graded I to V on the AAST scale and WSES classes I to IV; rare, retroperitoneal, diagnosed by CT, treated by primary repair or damage control surgery.
Laceration of lung
Laceration of lung (pulmonary laceration, traumatic pneumatocele) is a traumatic tear of lung parenchyma, usually from penetrating trauma or severe blunt chest trauma, classified into four Wagner types, diagnosed mainly by CT, and managed mostly conservatively.
Laceration of pleura
Laceration of pleura (ICD-11 NB32.60) is a tear of the pleural membrane, usually from rib fractures or penetrating chest trauma, causing pneumothorax or hemothorax treated by chest tube drainage or surgery.
Laceration of rectum
Laceration of rectum (ICD-11 NB91.91), a traumatic tear of the rectal wall, usually from penetrating pelvic trauma; rare (0.1% of injuries), managed by location-based repair or fecal diversion.
Laceration of small intestine
Laceration of small intestine (ICD-10 S36.438/S36.439; ICD-11 NB91.71), a traumatic tear of jejunal or ileal bowel wall, usually from blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma; graded by the AAST scale and treated by repair or resection.
Laceration of ureter
Laceration of ureter (ICD-11 NB92.11, 尿管裂傷) is a tearing injury of the ureter, usually iatrogenic during pelvic surgery or from penetrating and deceleration trauma; diagnosis relies on delayed-phase CT because hematuria is unreliable.