Human health and medicine

Laghvananda rasa

Laghvānanda rasa (लघ्वानन्द रस), an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulation from Rasendrasārasaṅgraha, AFI formulation AFI000377, dose 250 mg; contains mercury, sulphur, iron and mica calx, borax, black pepper, and aconite; classically indicated for anemia (pandu).

Lagophthalmos

Lagophthalmos is incomplete eyelid closure, mainly from facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy), scarring, or sleep (nocturnal lagophthalmos), causing exposure keratopathy treated with lubricants, taping, tarsorrhaphy, or lid weights.

Lagos University Teaching Hospital

Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, Lagos: Nigeria's federal teaching hospital for the University of Lagos, established 1961-1962, with 46 clinical departments, nine training schools, and the NSIA-LUTH Cancer Centre.

Lahey Hospital and Medical Center

Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (Lahey Clinic), founded 1923 by Frank Lahey in Boston, is a nonprofit teaching hospital in Burlington, Massachusetts, and a Beth Israel Lahey Health member since the 2019 merger with BIDMC.

Laing distal myopathy

Laing distal myopathy (MPD1, Laing early-onset distal myopathy) is a rare autosomal dominant MYH7-related distal myopathy with childhood-onset weakness of ankle dorsiflexors, great toes, finger extensors, and neck flexors, slow progression, and normal life expectancy.

Laksa ghrta

Laksa ghrta (Lakshadi Ghrita, लाक्षाघृत) is Ayurvedic medicated ghee prepared with Laksha, the resin of Laccifer lacca, by Sneha Kalpana; classically indicated for bone, tissue, and reproductive health.

Laksa Guggulu

Laksa Guggulu (Lakshadi Guggulu, लाक्षा गुग्गुल) is an Ayurvedic polyherbal pill of laksha (lac resin) and guggulu (Commiphora wightii exudate) with Cissus, Ashwagandha, and Arjuna, indicated for fractures, dislocation, and bone pain.

Laksadi Taila

Laksadi Taila (Lākṣādi taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated oil of lac and herbs in sesame oil, listed as AFI000289, used externally for abhyanga massage in fever, weakness, and skin disorders.

Laksminarayana Rasa

Laksminarayana Rasa (Lakshminarayana Rasa, लक्ष्मीनारायण रस) is a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral pill from Yogaratnakara, used for fever, vata disorders, and postpartum conditions, dosed 120–240 mg with ginger juice and honey.

Lamb-Shaffer syndrome

Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LAMSHF, SOX5 haploinsufficiency syndrome), a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder from SOX5 loss on 12p12.1, causing developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, dysmorphism; first described 2012.

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), also called Eaton-Lambert syndrome, is a rare autoimmune presynaptic neuromuscular junction disorder caused by P/Q-type VGCC antibodies, paraneoplastic in 50-60% of cases with small-cell lung cancer, treated with amifampridine, IVIg, and tumor therapy.

Lamellar ichthyosis

Lamellar ichthyosis is a rare autosomal recessive congenital skin disorder in which large, plate-like scales cover most of the body, usually without significant redness.

Lamellar keratoplasty

Lamellar keratoplasty is a corneal transplant operation replacing only diseased corneal layers, in anterior and posterior forms, which rose from 5% to 58% of grafts between 2005 and 2014.

Laminectomy

Laminectomy, also called spinal decompression, is surgery removing the lamina bone to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves, mainly for lumbar spinal stenosis and herniated disks; first successful case 1828, success rate about 90%.

Laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy

LAMA2-related congenital muscular dystrophy (MDC1A, merosin-deficient CMD) is an autosomal recessive dystrophy from LAMA2 gene variants, causing laminin-α2 deficiency, neonatal hypotonia, scoliosis, respiratory failure, and a milder late-onset limb-girdle form.

Laminoplasty

Laminoplasty, or cervical laminoplasty, is a posterior cervical spine operation that hinges open the laminae to decompress the spinal cord without fusion, developed in Japan in the 1980s.

Laminotomy

A laminotomy is a spinal decompression operation removing part of one lamina to relieve pressure on the thecal sac or a nerve root, preserving more structure than laminectomy.

Lamotrigine

Lamotrigine (Lamictal), a phenyltriazine anticonvulsant approved in the US in 1994, treats focal and generalized seizures and maintains bipolar I disorder; sodium-channel blocker with boxed warning for serious rash and major valproate and contraceptive interactions.

Lampalizumab

Lampalizumab (FCFD4514S) was a Genentech intravitreal Fab antibody against complement factor D for geographic atrophy in AMD; phase 3 Chroma and Spectri trials showed no benefit and FDA approval was abandoned in 2017.

Lanabecestat

Lanabecestat (AZD3293, LY3314814) is an oral BACE1 inhibitor developed by AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly for early Alzheimer disease; its AMARANTH and DAYBREAK-ALZ trials failed and the program was discontinued in June 2018.

Lanadelumab

Lanadelumab (Takhzyro) is a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody inhibiting plasma kallikrein, FDA-approved in 2018 to prevent hereditary angioedema attacks in patients aged 2 years and older by subcutaneous injection every 2 or 4 weeks.

Lancet MMR autism fraud

Lancet MMR autism fraud: the 1998 Lancet paper by Andrew Wakefield falsely linking MMR vaccine to autism, exposed as fraudulent by Brian Deer's BMJ investigation, retracted in 2004, with Wakefield struck off by the GMC in 2010.

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (acquired epileptic aphasia, LKS): rare childhood epileptic encephalopathy with acquired auditory verbal agnosia, sleep-activated spike-wave EEG, seizures in about 70-75%, first described 1957.

Landiolol

Landiolol (Rapiblyk) is an ultra-short-acting, highly β1-selective intravenous beta-blocker with a ~4-minute half-life, used for rapid ventricular rate control in supraventricular tachycardia, perioperative arrhythmias, and selected septic shock patients.