25,729 articles
Mesolimbic pathway
Mesolimbic pathway: dopamine projection from the ventral tegmental area to limbic structures, chiefly the nucleus accumbens. Central to reward, incentive salience ('wanting'), prediction error learning, addiction, depression, and schizophrenia research.
Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome
Mesomelia-synostoses syndrome (Verloes-David-Pfeiffer syndrome, 8q13 microdeletion syndrome) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with mesomelic limb shortening, acral synostoses, facial features, and palatal anomalies, caused by SULF1/SLCO5A1 deletions.
Mesomelic dysplasia, Kantaputra type
Mesomelic dysplasia, Kantaputra type (MDK, Thai type) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with mesomelic limb shortening, fibulo-calcaneal synostosis, and HOXD-cluster duplications at 2q31.1-q31.2.
Mesomelic dysplasia, Nievergelt type
Mesomelic dysplasia, Nievergelt type (Nievergelt syndrome, ORPHA:2633) is an extremely rare bone dysplasia with severe mesomelic limb shortening, triangular or rhomboid tibiae and fibulae, synostoses, and skin dimples; onset antenatal or neonatal.
Mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan type
Mesomelic dysplasia, Savarirayan type (triangular tibia-fibular aplasia syndrome, OMIM 605274) is a rare skeletal dysplasia with hypoplastic triangular tibiae and absent fibulae, caused by de novo 6p22.3 microdeletions affecting ID4 regulation.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticle
A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) is a porous silica particle with 2 to 50 nm pores, developed to load and release drugs in a controlled way.
Mesoridazine
Mesoridazine (Serentil, mesoridazine besylate) is a discontinued phenothiazine antipsychotic, the active side-chain sulfoxide metabolite of thioridazine, FDA-approved in 1970 for refractory schizophrenia and withdrawn over QT prolongation risk.
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma, also called malignant mesothelioma, is a rare cancer of the mesothelium lining the pleura, peritoneum, or pericardium, caused mostly by asbestos exposure with 20 to 60 years latency; 5-year survival is under 5%.
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis (MMTVT), a rare paratesticular mesothelioma, 0.3–5% of cases; asbestos-linked; presents as hydrocele; median survival 23–35 months; treated by radical orchiectomy.
Mesotherapy
Mesotherapy is an injection technique that delivers small amounts of drugs, vitamins, or other substances into the dermis for pain relief, skin rejuvenation, and localized fat reduction.
Messiah complex
Messiah complex: colloquial term for a compulsion to redeem others or the world, sometimes with delusions of being divine; not a diagnosis, covered as grandiose religious delusions in psychosis, 18.3% pooled prevalence.
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis: primary fall in blood bicarbonate with compensatory low PCO2, classified as high anion gap (ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure, toxins) or normal gap (bicarbonate loss); diagnosed by ABG and electrolytes, treated by cause.
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis, a primary rise in serum bicarbonate (HCO3-) raising blood pH, caused by diuretics, vomiting, hypokalemia, or mineralocorticoid excess; classified chloride-responsive or resistant; common in ICU, treated with saline, potassium, or acetazolamide.
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Neonatal osteopenia, also called osteopenia of prematurity or metabolic bone disease of prematurity, is reduced bone mineralization in preterm infants after interrupted third-trimester calcium and phosphorus accretion, affecting up to 30-32% of very low birth weight infants.
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Metabolic Clearance Rate, also called Total Body Clearance Rate, is a pharmacokinetic measure of the volume of fluid cleared of a drug by metabolism per unit time.
Metabolic Equivalent
Metabolic equivalent (MET), metabolic equivalent of task: unit expressing physical activity intensity as a multiple of resting metabolic rate, 1 MET = 3.5 mL O2/kg/min; classifies sedentary to vigorous activity and anchors the Compendium of Physical Activities.
Metabolic screening
Metabolic screening is testing of newborn heel-prick blood spots, mostly by tandem mass spectrometry, to detect treatable inborn errors of metabolism such as PKU and MCADD before symptoms appear.
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome, also called syndrome X or insulin resistance syndrome, is a cluster of abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose; three of five components diagnose it and it raises diabetes risk about fivefold.
Metabromsalan
Metabromsalan (3,5-dibromosalicylanilide, CAS 2577-72-2) is a halogenated salicylanilide formerly used in antibacterial soaps; a potent photosensitizer, its US drug products were removed in 1975 and cosmetics containing it are deemed adulterated.
Metacarpal bones
Metacarpal bones (metacarpals): the five palm bones of each hand connecting wrist to fingers and thumb, numbered 1-5, each with head, neck, shaft, base; commonly fractured, boxer's fracture hits the fifth.
Metachondromatosis
Metachondromatosis (MC, OMIM 156250) is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal disorder with both enchondromas and osteochondromas in the hands, feet, and long bones, caused by loss-of-function PTPN11 mutations; lesions point toward the epiphysis, regress spontaneously, and rarely turn malignant.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by ARSA mutations and arylsulfatase A deficiency, causing sulfatide buildup and demyelination; late-infantile, juvenile, and adult forms; treated with Lenmeldy gene therapy.
Metacognitive therapy
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a psychotherapy, developed by Adrian Wells, that treats anxiety and depression by changing beliefs about one's own thinking rather than the content of thoughts.
Metacognitive training
Metacognitive training (MCT) is a manualized group psychotherapy for psychosis that uses exercises to modify cognitive biases driving delusions, with free materials in 37 languages.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is an unbiased diagnostic method that sequences all nucleic acids in a clinical sample, detecting bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites without culture.
Metal allergy
Metal allergy is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in which metal ions such as nickel, cobalt, and chromium cause allergic contact dermatitis, typically 24 to 72 hours after exposure.
Metal artifact reduction
Metal artifact reduction (MAR) is a set of CT image-processing methods that suppress streaks and distortion caused by metal implants such as hip prostheses and dental fillings.
Metal fume fever
Metal fume fever, also called zinc fever or Monday morning fever, is a self-limited influenza-like illness from inhaling metal oxide fumes, chiefly zinc oxide from welding galvanized steel; onset 3-10 hours, resolution 12-48 hours, with weekend-loss tolerance.
Metal-organic capsules for drug delivery
Metal-organic capsules for drug delivery are nanoscale containers built from metal-organic framework chemistry that hold drugs and release them at disease sites in response to acidity, glutathione, or enzymes.
Metamizole
Metamizole (dipyrone, Novalgin, Nolotil) is a pyrazolone analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic marketed since 1922, used for moderate to severe pain and fever, but restricted or withdrawn in the USA, Australia, and others over dose-independent agranulocytosis risk.