25,729 articles
Metandienone
Metandienone (methandrostenolone, Dianabol), 17β-hydroxy-17α-methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one, is an oral 17α-alkylated anabolic steroid, formerly used for hypogonadism at 2.5–5 mg/day, now discontinued medically and prohibited at all times by WADA under S1.1.
Metaphyseal anadysplasia
Metaphyseal anadysplasia (MAD, MIM 602111/613073) is a rare regressive skeletal dysplasia from MMP13 or MMP9 variants: infantile metaphyseal irregularity, leg bowing, and short stature that spontaneously resolve in childhood.
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type
Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Schmid type (SMCD, MCDS, OMIM 156500) is a rare autosomal dominant COL10A1 skeletal dysplasia causing short-limbed short stature, bowed legs, coxa vara, and waddling gait, distinguished from rickets by normal labs.
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast
Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast (metaplastic breast cancer, MpBC) is a rare, typically triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma with squamous, spindle, chondroid, or osseous metaplasia and worse survival than TNBC.
Metastasectomy
Metastasectomy is a surgical oncology procedure that removes metastatic tumors, most often in the lung, liver, brain, bone, or adrenal gland, to treat cancer that has spread.
Metastasis
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor through blood or lymph to form new tumors elsewhere, also called stage 4 cancer; common sites are bone, liver, and lung, explained by Paget's 1889 seed and soil hypothesis.
Metastasis-directed therapy
Metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) is a cancer treatment strategy for patients with limited metastatic burden, typically 1 to 5 lesions, using ablative treatments such as SABR or metastasectomy.
Metatarsal bones
Metatarsal bones: the five long bones of the forefoot (ossa metatarsi) between tarsals and phalanges; 1st shortest and widest, 2nd longest, bearing 30-50% of gait load; sites of Lisfranc and march fractures.
Metatarsalgia
Metatarsalgia is pain in the ball of the foot around the metatarsal heads, a symptom with primary, secondary, and iatrogenic causes such as Morton's neuroma, stress fracture, and plantar plate tear; treated first conservatively.
Metatarsus valgus
Metatarsus valgus (metatarsal valgus, out-toeing) is a foot anomaly in which the forefoot angles outward relative to the hindfoot with a straight heel; the opposite of metatarsus adductus, coded ICD-11 LB98.21.
Metatarsus varus
Metatarsus varus, also called metatarsus adductus or adductovarus, is a congenital forefoot deformity with adduction at the tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint; the strict varus form is a tarsometatarsal subluxation that progresses without treatment, unlike flexible metatarsus adductus.
Metatropic dysplasia
Metatropic dysplasia (metatropic dwarfism), a rare autosomal dominant TRPV4-related spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: short limbs and long trunk at birth, progressive kyphoscoliosis reversing proportions, dumbbell long bones, halberd pelvis, adult height 107-135 cm.
Metaxalone
Metaxalone, marketed as Skelaxin since its 1962 United States approval, is a centrally acting muscle relaxant for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions in adults and patients 13 and older.
METCOHEP trial
The METCOHEP trial was a randomized controlled trial sponsored by Istanbul Arel University testing group multimodal exercise plus the Otago home program among community-dwelling older women.
Metered Dose Inhalers
Metered dose inhaler (MDI, pMDI), invented 1956 by Riker Laboratories (Porush, Maison, Thiel), a pressurized canister-and-valve inhaler delivering metered propellant aerosol doses for asthma and COPD.
Metformin
Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide), a biguanide oral drug first U.S.-approved in 1995, is the most prescribed treatment for type 2 diabetes; it weakly inhibits mitochondrial complex I, activates AMPK, inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, and carries a lactic acidosis boxed warning.
Metformin glycinate
Metformin glycinate is a glycine salt form of metformin, an oral biguanide for type 2 diabetes. A 12-month trial found HbA1c efficacy equal to metformin hydrochloride with fewer adverse events and faster AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes.
Meth mouth
Meth mouth, also called crank decay, is severe tooth decay, gum disease, and tooth wear in chronic methamphetamine users, driven mainly by dry mouth, sugary drinks, and poor oral hygiene rather than direct chemical effects.
Methacycline
Methacycline (metacycline, Rondomycin, methyleneoxytetracycline) is a broad-spectrum semisynthetic tetracycline antibiotic made by Pfizer from oxytetracycline; ATC J01AA05, oral, 60-70% absorbed, discontinued.
Methadone
Methadone, sold as Dolophine, is a long-acting synthetic opioid used for maintenance treatment of opioid addiction and for pain relief, on the WHO List of Essential Medicines.
Methadone maintenance therapy
Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) treats opioid dependence with a daily dose of methadone, a long-acting opioid agonist, preventing withdrawal and cravings while reducing illicit opioid use and death.
Methanol poisoning
Methanol poisoning (wood alcohol, methyl alcohol toxicity): formic acid metabolites cause metabolic acidosis and blindness after a 12-24 hour latent period; treated with fomepizole, folinic acid, and hemodialysis.
Methantheline
Methantheline (methanthelinium bromide; Banthine, Vagantin) is a quaternary ammonium antimuscarinic drug used in Europe since the 1950s for overactive bladder, hypersalivation, and hyperhidrosis; not available in the US.
Methapyrilene
Methapyrilene (Thenylene, Co-Pyronil), an ethylenediamine first-generation H1 antihistamine used in OTC sleep aids like Sominex, withdrawn in 1979 as a potent rat liver carcinogen.
Methaqualone
Methaqualone (Quaalude, Mandrax, "ludes") is a quinazolinone sedative-hypnotic synthesized in India in 1951, marketed from the 1960s, widely abused in the 1970s, and banned as U.S. Schedule I in 1984; it remains abused in South Africa as the "white pipe."
Metharbital
Metharbital (Gemonil, endiemal) is a long-acting barbiturate anticonvulsant, 5,5-diethyl-1-methylbarbituric acid, patented 1905 by Emil Fischer of Merck, marketed by Abbott from 1952, discontinued 1990, demethylated to barbital, used mainly for infantile myoclonic spasms.
Methazolamide
Methazolamide (Neptazane, Glauctabs) is an oral first-generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, FDA approved 1959, used in 25/50 mg tablets for glaucoma; longer half-life (~14 h) and lower protein binding than acetazolamide, also studied for altitude sickness.
Methdilazine
Methdilazine (Tacaryl, Tacazyl) is a first-generation phenothiazine H1 antihistamine, C18H20N2S, ATC R06AD04, once FDA-classified effective for urticaria, hay fever, and pruritic dermatoses, now discontinued in the US.
Methemoglobin
Methemoglobin (MetHb, ferrihemoglobin) is hemoglobin with heme iron oxidized to Fe3+, unable to bind oxygen; excess causes methemoglobinemia, treated with methylene blue or ascorbic acid.
Methemoglobinemia
Methemoglobinemia (MetHb), also called hemoglobin M disease or erythrocyte reductase deficiency, is a blood disorder where oxidized ferric hemoglobin cannot release oxygen, causing cyanosis refractory to oxygen; treated with methylene blue.