25,729 articles
Aphasia
Aphasia, also known as dysphasia, is a language disorder caused by damage to the brain's language areas, usually on the left side, most often from stroke.
Apheresis
Apheresis (from Greek aphairein, to remove) is an extracorporeal procedure separating blood into components, removing one, and returning the rest; used therapeutically (plasma exchange, red cell exchange, photopheresis) and for donor collection, governed by ASFA categories I-IV.
Aphonia
Aphonia is complete loss of voice, also called loss of voice or mutational voice loss, distinct from dysphonia. Causes include phonotrauma, muscle tension, and psychogenic conversion aphonia; treated mainly with voice therapy by speech-language pathologists.
Aphrodisiac
An aphrodisiac, also called a prosexual agent, is a substance believed to increase sexual desire, arousal, or pleasure; the word derives from Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.
Aphthous stomatitis
Aphthous stomatitis (recurrent aphthous stomatitis, canker sores) is the most common oral mucosal ulcer disease, affecting 5-25% of people, with minor, major, and herpetiform forms, unknown cause, and symptomatic topical treatment.
API-CALF trial
API-CALF (NCT04981327) is a phase 3 Geneva-sponsored trial testing apixaban 2.5 mg versus 5 mg twice daily after a 7-day 10 mg lead-in for isolated distal (calf) deep vein thrombosis, 1,300 patients, 3 months treatment.
Apicoectomy
An apicoectomy is a surgical endodontic procedure that removes the tip of a tooth root with infected periapical tissue, sealing the canal from the root end.
APIL_2013 trial
APIL_2013 (NCT02432794) is a Bellvitge University Hospital pilot randomized trial of gastric ischemic conditioning before Ivor Lewis esophagectomy; 38 patients analyzed, long-term outcomes comparable between groups, published J Surg Res 2025.
Apitherapy
Apitherapy is the therapeutic use of honeybee products, including honey, propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom, used in alternative medicine for inflammatory disorders, skin diseases, and rheumatism.
Apixaban
Apixaban (Eliquis) is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor anticoagulant for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and VTE treatment; fixed twice-daily dosing, ~12 h half-life, ~27% renal clearance, superior to warfarin in ARISTOTLE.
APL-1702 (Cevira)
APL-1702 (Cevira, 希维她) is Asieris Pharmaceuticals' photodynamic drug-device combination of 5% hexaminolevulinate ointment and an LED intravaginal device for non-surgical treatment of HPV-associated cervical CIN2/HSIL, approved in China in 2026 and licensed to Theramex for Europe.
Aplasia cutis congenita
Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a rare congenital absence of skin, usually a solitary scalp vertex lesion, prevalence about 1/10,000 births; classified by Frieden into nine groups, linked to methimazole exposure and Adams-Oliver syndrome.
Aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands
Aplasia of lacrimal and salivary glands (ALSG, OMIM 180920) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of FGF10 haploinsufficiency causing absent or underdeveloped tear and salivary glands, with dry eyes, xerostomia, and dental caries from infancy.
Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia, or bone marrow failure, is a rare immune-mediated disorder causing pancytopenia and hypocellular marrow. Treated with ATG plus cyclosporine, eltrombopag, or allogeneic stem cell transplant; incidence 0.7-4.1 per million yearly.
Aplastic anemia-intellectual disability-dwarfism syndrome
Aplastic anemia-intellectual disability-dwarfism syndrome, or AMeD syndrome (OMIM 619151), a rare autosomal recessive digenic ADH5/ALDH2 disorder causing formaldehyde accumulation, bone marrow failure, short stature, microcephaly, and leukemia predisposition.
Apnea
Apnea, from Greek apnous (breathless), is a temporary cessation of breathing; recurrent sleep apnea occurs as obstructive (airway collapse) or central (lost brain signaling) types, scored as ≥90% airflow drops lasting ≥10 seconds, treated mainly with CPAP.
Apnea of prematurity
Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a developmental disorder in preterm infants, defined by breathing pauses of 20 seconds or longer. It is commonly treated with caffeine and CPAP.
Apnoea
Apnoea (American spelling apnea) is the temporary cessation of breathing. In clinical medicine it chiefly means repeated breathing pauses during sleep, divided into obstructive, central, and mixed types.
APOB-related familial hypobetalipoproteinemia
APOB-related familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (APOB-FHBL, FHBL1, OMIM 615558) is a codominant disorder caused by APOB gene variants, causing very low LDL cholesterol and apoB; biallelic cases show fat malabsorption, vitamin deficiency, and fatty liver.
Apocrine sweat gland
Apocrine sweat gland: large skin gland opening into hair follicles in the axilla, anogenital region, ear canal, and areola; inactive until puberty; its milky secretion is broken down by skin bacteria to produce body odor.
ApoE-mediated uptake of lipid nanoparticles
ApoE-mediated uptake is the process by which serum apolipoprotein E adsorbs onto lipid nanoparticles and directs them to hepatocytes via the LDL receptor, driving their liver tropism.
Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency
Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency (APOA1, 11q23-q24) is a rare autosomal disorder with undetectable plasma apoA-I, HDL cholesterol near 2 mg/dL, xanthomas, corneal opacities, and premature coronary heart disease; distinct from Tangier and LCAT deficiency.
Apollo Hospitals
Apollo Hospitals (Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited, APOLLOHOSP) is India's first corporate hospital chain, founded 1983 in Chennai by Dr. Prathap C. Reddy; 77+ hospitals, 11,000+ beds, pharmacies, diagnostics, and telemedicine nationwide.
Apomorphine
Apomorphine: non-ergoline dopamine agonist derived from morphine (Arppe 1845; Matthiessen and Wright 1869), no opioid activity; used as subcutaneous injection or infusion for Parkinson's disease off episodes; FDA approvals 2004, 2020, 2025.
Aponermin
Aponermin (埃普奈明, Shaite/沙艾特) is a recombinant circularly permuted TRAIL, the first approved DR4/DR5 agonist, approved in China in November 2023 with thalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
Apoplexy
Apoplexy (Greek apoplexia, "to strike down") was the historical term for sudden collapse with loss of consciousness, now called stroke. Used since Hippocrates, split into hemorrhagic and ischemic subtypes by Wepfer and Virchow, and abandoned from medical classifications in 1938.
Apothecary
Apothecary: a historical maker and seller of medicines, from Greek apothēkē (storehouse) via Old French apotecaire. Originally grocers' guild traders in spices and drugs; the 1617 London Society of Apothecaries and the 1815 Apothecaries Act shaped its evolution into the modern pharmacist and general practitioner.
APP13007 (clobetasol propionate nanoparticle ophthalmic suspension)
APP13007 (BYQLOVI), clobetasol propionate ophthalmic suspension 0.05%, an APNT nanoparticle steroid eye drop FDA-approved March 2024 for post-operative inflammation and pain after ocular surgery, dosed twice daily for 14 days.
Apparent diffusion coefficient
The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a quantitative measure from diffusion-weighted MRI of water mobility in tissue, reduced within minutes in acute stroke and typically lower in cellular tumors.
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME, OMIM 218030) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by HSD11B2 mutations; deficient 11β-HSD2 lets cortisol activate the mineralocorticoid receptor, causing juvenile low-renin, low-aldosterone hypertension with hypokalemic alkalosis.