25,729 articles
Aquaphor
Aquaphor, also sold in Europe as Eucerin Aquaphor, is a Beiersdorf petrolatum-based healing ointment brand created in 1924 in the USA, containing 41% petrolatum with lanolin alcohols, mineral oil, and ceresin, used for dry, cracked, and irritated skin.
Aquatic Therapy
Aquatic therapy, also called pool or water therapy, is physical therapy performed in water using buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, viscosity, and warmth; it traces to ancient baths and Warm Springs, with outcomes generally comparable to land-based exercise.
Aqueous humour
Aqueous humour is the clear fluid filling the eye's anterior and posterior chambers, produced by ciliary processes at 2–3 µL/min, nourishing the avascular cornea and lens, and drained via trabecular and uveoscleral pathways to set intraocular pressure.
Aquiline nose
Aquiline nose (Roman nose): a human nose with a convex, eagle-beak-like curved profile, from Latin aquilinus. Literary term; anatomically a bony-cartilaginous dorsal hump; historically noble in Europe, criminalized in physiognomy.
Arachnoid cyst
An arachnoid cyst is a benign, fluid-filled sac within the arachnoid layer of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord, filled with cerebrospinal fluid and usually found by accident on imaging.
Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis: chronic inflammation of the spinal arachnoid mater causing pain and neurological deficits; also called chronic adhesive arachnoiditis or spinal adhesive arachnoidopathy; causes include spinal surgery, myelography dye, trauma, and infections like tuberculosis; no cure, symptom-based treatment.
Aragvadhadi kvatha cirna
Aragvadhadi kvatha (Aragvadhadi Kwath, Aragwadhadhi kashaya) is a classical Ayurvedic water decoction led by Cassia fistula, official as Aragvadhadi Kvatha Curna in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, indicated for skin disease, itching, vomiting, poisoning, and prameha.
Aravindasava
Aravindasava (Aravindāsava) is a classical Ayurvedic fermented liquid medicine (asava) for children, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India for Balaroga, Agnimandya, and Aruchi, with self-generated ethanol from fermentation of over 20 herbs.
Arbaclofen
Arbaclofen (R-baclofen, STX209) is the active R-enantiomer of baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist trialed for social avoidance in fragile X syndrome and autism; phase 2 and 3 trials missed primary endpoints.
Arbaclofen placarbil
Arbaclofen placarbil (XP19986) is a transported prodrug of R-baclofen developed by XenoPort for GERD and spasticity; abandoned after failed GERD trials and terminated MS development in 2013, later licensed to Indivior.
Arbutamine
Arbutamine is a synthetic catecholamine developed as a pharmacologic stress agent for diagnosing coronary artery disease in patients unable to exercise, approved by the FDA in 1997.
ARCADIA trial (NCT03824691)
ARCADIA (NCT03824691) is a phase 2, single-arm Italian trial of cabozantinib plus durvalumab in platinum-treated advanced urothelial carcinoma and variant histologies; interim ORR 35.5%, median OS 13.1 months.
Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Sociéte française de pédiatrie
Archives de pédiatrie (Arch Pediatr, ISSN 0929-693X) is the official English-language pediatrics journal of the Société Française de Pédiatrie, published by Elsevier since 1994 from the merger of Pédiatrie and Archives françaises de pédiatrie; eight issues yearly, editor Régis Coutant.
Arcitumomab
Arcitumomab (CEA-Scan, IMMU-4) is a murine anti-CEA Fab' fragment labeled with technetium-99m for imaging recurrent or metastatic colorectal cancer; EU approval 1996, withdrawn 2005, displaced by FDG-PET.
Arcotatug tavatecan
Arcotatug tavatecan (research code IBI343; Takeda development code TAK-921) is an antibody–drug conjugate developed by Innovent Biologics for CLDN18.2-positive gastric, gastroesophageal junction, and pancreatic cancers.
Arctic Sun medical device
Arctic Sun (Arctic Sun 5000, Medivance/Bard/BD) is a non-invasive temperature management system using circulating-water hydrogel pads for targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest, cooling at about 1.1°C/h.
Arcus senilis
Arcus senilis (corneal arcus, gerontoxon): gray-white lipid ring in the peripheral cornea, common after 50, harmless to vision; premature arcus (arcus juvenilis) flags dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk.
Ardeparin sodium
Ardeparin sodium (Normiflo) is a low-molecular-weight heparin made by peroxidative depolymerization of unfractionated heparin, mean MW about 6000 Da, anti-Xa/anti-IIa ratio about 2; US NDA 20-227, withdrawn in 2001 at the manufacturer's request.
Ardhabilva kvatha curna
Ardhabilva kvatha curna (Ardhabilva kvātha cūrṇa), also called Ardhabilva Kwatha Churna, is a five-herb Ayurvedic coarse-powder decoction formula (ginger, Solanum, Boerhavia, Achyranthes, Fagonia roots), AFI 4:2, dose 48 g, indicated for Malabandha constipation.
Ardraka khanda avaleha
Ardraka khanda avaleha (Ārdraka khaṇḍa avaleha), AFI formulation 3:2, is an Ayurvedic ginger-based semisolid confection of Zingiber officinale with sugar, ghee, milk, and pungent drugs; dose 10-20 g.
Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)
Area under the curve (AUC) in pharmacokinetics: integral of plasma concentration over time, the standard measure of systemic drug exposure; variants AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, AUC0-TAU; trapezoidal calculation; 80-125% bioequivalence criterion.
AREDS2 trial
AREDS2 (Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2), NEI-sponsored 2006-2012 randomized trial of 4,203 participants testing lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3 additions to the AREDS AMD supplement; defined the beta-carotene-free AREDS2 formula.
Arenavirus disease
Arenavirus disease: illness from rodent-borne Arenaviridae viruses, chiefly Lassa fever in West Africa plus South American hemorrhagic fevers (Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, Sabia, Chapare) and Lujo virus; fever, hemorrhage, deafness, ribavirin, no licensed vaccine.
Areola
Areola (areola mammae): circular pigmented breast skin surrounding the nipple, bearing Montgomery glands and areolar tubercles; 3-6 cm wide, darkens in pregnancy, site of duct convergence and NAC reconstruction.
Arfolitixorin
Arfolitixorin (6R-MTHF, Modufolin, Rescufolin) is an investigational direct-acting folate from Isofol Medical that potentiates 5-FU; its phase III AGENT trial in metastatic colorectal cancer failed to show superiority over leucovorin.
Arformoterol
Arformoterol (Brovana) is the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol, a long-acting beta2-agonist nebulized twice daily (15 mcg) for COPD maintenance; FDA-approved October 6, 2006, not indicated for asthma, brand discontinued with generics since 2021.
Argatroban
Argatroban is a synthetic, reversible direct thrombin inhibitor given by intravenous infusion for thrombosis in adults with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; the first antithrombin agent approved, in 2000.
Argentine hemorrhagic fever
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (Fiebre Hemorrágica Argentina) is a rodent-borne arenavirus disease caused by Junín virus, endemic to Argentina's humid pampas, carried by Calomys musculinus, treated with immune plasma, and prevented by the Candid #1 vaccine.
Argenx
Argenx (argenx SE, ARGX) is a Dutch immunology biopharma founded in 2008, maker of VYVGART (efgartigimod), the first approved FcRn blocker for gMG, CIDP, and ITP, with $4.2 billion 2025 sales.
Arginine vasopressin deficiency
Arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D), formerly called central diabetes insipidus, is a disorder in which the hypothalamus secretes too little AVP hormone, causing dilute urine and excessive thirst.