25,729 articles
ARRIVE guidelines
The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments) are a checklist of minimum reporting standards for studies involving live animals, first published in 2010 and endorsed by over 1,000 journals.
Arsenic poisoning
Arsenic poisoning: illness from exposure to toxic inorganic arsenic, mainly via contaminated groundwater and food. WHO guideline 10 μg/L; 140 million people in 70+ countries exposed; Bangladesh crisis largest mass poisoning in history.
Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3, Trisenox), a poison turned leukemia drug, treats acute promyelocytic leukemia targeting the PML/RAR-alpha fusion; FDA-approved 2000, now first-line with ATRA.
Arsenicum album
Arsenicum album (Ars alb) is a homeopathic remedy made from arsenic trioxide, diluted and succussed to potencies such as 30C and 200C; trialed for arsenic toxicity in West Bengal and promoted for COVID-19, with no FDA approval and no reliable evidence of efficacy.
Arsogni Vati
Arsogni Vati (Arshoghni Vati, अर्शोघ्नी वटी) is a classical Ayurvedic tablet for hemorrhoids from Siddha Yoga Sangraha, listed in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India Vol. II 10:3, with neem, Melia azedarach, Berberis aristata, Dragon's Blood, and amber; AFI dose 125 mg–1 g.
Arsphenamine
Arsphenamine (Salvarsan, compound 606), an organoarsenic drug introduced by Ehrlich and Hata in 1910 as the first effective syphilis treatment and first modern chemotherapeutic agent, displaced by penicillin in the 1940s.
Art therapy
Art therapy is a mental health profession using art-making within a psychotherapeutic relationship, practiced by master's-level credentialed clinicians (ATR, ATR-BC). Origins: Prinzhorn 1923, Naumburg and Adrian Hill 1940s; professional bodies AATA and BAAT.
Arteether (alpha/beta-arteether)
Alpha/beta-arteether (E-Mal) is an Indian-developed, oil-based intramuscular artemisinin derivative from CSIR-CDRI and CIMAP, licensed to Themis Medicare in 1997, used as second-line injectable treatment for chloroquine-resistant and cerebral falciparum malaria.
Artemether-lumefantrine
Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem, 复方蒿甲醚) is a fixed-dose artemisinin-based combination therapy, 20 mg/120 mg tablets in a six-dose regimen, the most widely used WHO-recommended treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
Artemis trial (NCT05832827)
Artemis (NCCH2109, NCT05832827, jRCT2031230114) is a Japanese phase II single-arm trial of first-line carboplatin, paclitaxel, lenvatinib, and pembrolizumab in 35 patients with untreated advanced or recurrent thymic carcinoma; primary endpoint objective response rate.
Artemisia annua pollen allergen skin prick test solution
Artemisia annua pollen allergen skin prick test solution (黄花蒿花粉变应原皮肤点刺液) is an NMPA-approved 2023 diagnostic biologic by Zhejiang Wolwo for skin prick testing, 33333 DU/ml, aiding diagnosis of Artemisia pollen allergy.
Artemisinin (青蒿素)
Artemisinin (青蒿素, qinghaosu), antimalarial from Artemisia annua discovered by Tu Youyou (2015 Nobel Prize); backbone of ACT first-line malaria treatment; endoperoxide-bridge mechanism; partial resistance now confirmed in four African countries.
Artemisinin combination therapy
Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is the WHO-recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria, pairing a fast-acting artemisinin derivative with a longer-acting partner drug that clears remaining parasites; artemisinin resistance has now emerged independently in Africa.
Artemisinin-naphthoquine
Artemisinin-naphthoquine (ARCO, 复方磷酸萘酚喹片) is a Chinese fixed-dose antimalarial pairing artemisinin with the 4-aminoquinoline naphthoquine, given as a single 8-tablet dose; WHO does not recommend it for general use.
Artemisinin-piperaquine
Artemisinin-piperaquine (Artequick, 青蒿素哌喹片) is a Chinese-developed fixed-dose antimalarial combining artemisinin with the long-half-life partner piperaquine; distinct from WHO-recommended dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, it lacks a general WHO recommendation over its 2-day, low-artemisinin regimen.
Artenimol
Artenimol, the INN for dihydroartemisinin (DHA), is an artemisinin-derived antimalarial and active metabolite of artesunate, discovered by Tu Youyou in 1973 and used with piperaquine as Eurartesim.
Arterial anastomosis
An arterial anastomosis is a surgical connection between two arteries, or between an artery and a graft, that restores blood flow, performed in coronary bypass, free-flap reconstruction, and dialysis access.
Arterial blood gas test
Arterial blood gas (ABG) test, also called blood gas analysis: an artery-drawn blood test measuring PaO2, PaCO2, pH, bicarbonate, and oxygen saturation; the reference standard for respiratory failure, with venous gas as a partial alternative.
Arterial embolism
Arterial embolism: obstruction of a distal artery by a traveling clot or foreign mass, usually cardiac in origin (atrial fibrillation, ventricular thrombus). Causes stroke, acute limb ischemia, mesenteric ischemia; treated by embolectomy or thrombolysis within hours.
Arterial embolization
Arterial embolization is an interventional radiology procedure in which agents are deposited in arteries to block blood flow, used to stop hemorrhage, treat aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, and infarct tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma.
Arterial phase CT
Arterial phase CT is a contrast-enhanced CT protocol that images arteries and hypervascular tumors during peak arterial enhancement, about 20 to 40 seconds after injection.
Arterial spin labeling
Arterial spin labeling is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures cerebral blood flow by magnetically labeling arterial blood water, requiring no injected contrast agent.
Arterial switch operation
The arterial switch operation (ASO), also called the arterial switch procedure, is an open-heart operation that corrects dextro-transposition of the great arteries by reconnecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, first performed successfully in 1975.
Arterial system
The arterial system is the branching network of arteries and arterioles that carries blood from the aorta to the capillaries, distributing flow and smoothing the heart's pulse.
Arterial thrombosis
Arterial thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside an artery, usually on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque, which can abruptly block blood flow to tissue.
Arterial tonometry
Arterial tonometry is a noninvasive vascular diagnostic method in which a sensor pressed over a superficial artery records the pulse waveform, yielding central blood pressure and arterial stiffness measures.
Arteriography
Arteriography is an imaging method in which iodinated contrast is injected into an artery and recorded with X-ray fluoroscopy, usually with digital subtraction, to show stenoses, aneurysms, and dissections.
Arteriole
An arteriole is a very small artery delivering blood into capillary beds, with 1 to 4 layers of smooth muscle and diameters of 7 to 100 μm.
Arteriosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is the thickening and stiffening of artery walls from several causes; atherosclerosis, plaque buildup, is its most common type, underlying coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease.
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB) is the American Heart Association's monthly peer-reviewed journal on vascular disease, founded 1981 as Arteriosclerosis, Impact Factor 8.8, editor-in-chief Ann Marie Schmidt.