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Pelvic inflammatory disease
Female pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), also called salpingitis or upper genital tract infection, is an ascending infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, mainly caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea, diagnosed clinically and treated with 14 days of antibiotics.
Pelvic or perineal pain
Pelvic or perineal pain (ICD-11 MD81.11) is pain in the pelvic and perineal region, acute or chronic, with gynecological, urological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neuropathic causes; ultrasound is first-line imaging, and chronic primary pain syndromes need multidisciplinary care.
Pelvic organ prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), ICD-11 GC40, descent of the bladder, uterus, rectum, or vaginal walls into the vagina from pelvic floor weakness. Causes include childbirth; treated with pelvic floor training, pessaries, or surgery.
Pelvic osteotomy
A pelvic osteotomy is surgery that cuts and repositions pelvic bones to improve coverage of the femoral head in a dysplastic hip, most often by the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy in adults.
Pelvic pain
Pelvic pain, chronic when persistent or recurrent beyond three months (ICD-11), affects pelvic organs, muscles, and nerves in both sexes; classified by EAU into chronic primary pelvic pain syndrome and specific disease-associated pelvic pain.
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (nervi erigentes) are preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from S2-S4 anterior rami supplying the bladder, hindgut, ureter, prostate, urethra, and erectile tissue via the inferior hypogastric plexus.
Pelvic varices
Pelvic varices are tortuous dilated veins around the uterus or ovaries, ≥5 mm by SVP criteria, within pelvic venous disorders (formerly pelvic congestion syndrome); diagnosed by reflux on ultrasound or venography and treated with embolization.
Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is the measurement of the diameters of the maternal pelvis and fetal head, by clinical exam, X-ray, CT, or MRI, to judge whether vaginal delivery is possible.
Pelvis
The pelvis, or pelvic girdle, is the bony structure at the base of the trunk that connects the spine to the legs and supports the upper body.
Pelvis-shoulder dysplasia
Pelvis-shoulder dysplasia, also called Kosenow syndrome or scapuloiliac dysostosis (OMIM 169550), is a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysostosis with symmetrical hypoplasia of the scapulae and iliac wings, onset in infancy.
Pemafibrate
Pemafibrate (K-877, Parmodia) is a Kowa-developed selective PPARα modulator fibrate approved in Japan for hyperlipidemia; its PROMINENT trial lowered triglycerides ~26% but did not reduce cardiovascular events.
Pembrolizumab
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is Merck's anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, first FDA-approved in 2014 for advanced melanoma and in 2017 as the first tissue-agnostic cancer drug for MSI-H/dMMR tumors, now with 40-plus indications.
Pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed regimen
The pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed regimen, also called pembrolizumab-pemetrexed, is a first-line chemoimmunotherapy combining pembrolizumab, pemetrexed, and a platinum drug, approved in 2018 for metastatic nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer.
Pemetrexed
Pemetrexed, sold as Alimta and Pemfexy, is a multi-targeted antifolate chemotherapy drug used to treat mesothelioma and nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer, approved in 2004.
Pemigatinib
Pemigatinib (Pemazyre) is an oral kinase inhibitor blocking FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3, FDA-approved in 2020 for previously treated cholangiocarcinoma with an FGFR2 fusion or rearrangement.
Pemirolast
Pemirolast (Alamast, Alegysal) is a pyridopyrimidine mast cell stabilizer and antihistamine; its 0.1% potassium ophthalmic solution, FDA-approved in 1999, prevents ocular itching in allergic conjunctivitis and has been studied orally for asthma.
Pemoline
Pemoline, formerly sold as Cylert, is a central nervous system stimulant of the oxazolone class used to treat ADHD until liver toxicity led to its 2005 withdrawal.
Pemphigoid
Pemphigoid (ICD-11 EB41) is a group of autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases, chiefly bullous pemphigoid and mucous membrane pemphigoid, caused by IgG antibodies against basement membrane zone proteins BP180 and BP230, treated with corticosteroids, doxycycline, and biologics such as dupilumab.
Pemphigoid gestationis
Pemphigoid gestationis (herpes gestationis) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of pregnancy targeting BP180/BP230, with umbilical onset, 30–50% recurrence, preterm and small-for-gestational-age fetal risks, and corticosteroid-based treatment.
Pemphigus
Pemphigus, also called pemphigus vulgaris or foliaceus, is a rare autoimmune blistering disease caused by antibodies against desmogleins; rituximab was FDA-approved for it in 2018.
Pemphigus erythematosus
Pemphigus erythematosus, also known as Senear-Usher syndrome or seborrheic pemphigus, is a rare superficial pemphigus disease, first described in 1926, that combines features of pemphigus foliaceus and lupus erythematosus.
Pemphigus foliaceus
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF, fogo selvagem in its endemic Brazilian form) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG against desmoglein 1, producing superficial crusted skin erosions without mucosal involvement, treated with corticosteroids and rituximab.
Pemphigus vegetans
Pemphigus vegetans, also called PVg, is a rare variant of pemphigus vulgaris (1-2% of pemphigus) with vegetative plaques in skin folds and oral mucosa, Hallopeau and Neumann subtypes, and anti-desmoglein 3/1 autoantibodies.
Pemphigus vulgaris
Pemphigus vulgaris, an autoimmune blistering disease caused by IgG against desmogleins 3 and 1; treated with corticosteroids and rituximab, first-line for moderate-to-severe disease.
Penbutolol
Penbutolol (Levatol) is a nonselective beta blocker with moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, about four times as potent as propranolol, formerly used for mild to moderate hypertension at 20-40 mg once daily; discontinued in the US.
Penciclovir
Penciclovir (Denavir) is a topical 1% guanine-derivative antiviral cream approved in the US in 1996 for recurrent herpes labialis; it inhibits HSV DNA polymerase after intracellular activation, shortening healing by about one day.
Pendred syndrome
Pendred syndrome (goiter-deafness syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disorder from SLC26A4 mutations causing pendrin dysfunction, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, enlarged vestibular aqueduct, and often euthyroid goiter.
Penectomy
Penectomy is the surgical removal of the penis, partial or total, performed mainly to treat penile cancer; total penectomy routes the urethra to the perineum.
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer
A penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer is an ulcerated aortic atherosclerotic plaque that breaks through the internal elastic lamina into the aortic wall's media, one of three acute aortic syndromes.
Penetrating keratoplasty
Penetrating keratoplasty is a full-thickness corneal transplant operation replacing the central diseased cornea with a donor graft; once the mainstay of corneal transplantation, it has largely given way to lamellar techniques.