Human health and medicine

Temtamy syndrome

Temtamy syndrome (OMIM 218340), also called craniofacial dysmorphism-coloboma-corpus callosum agenesis syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal recessive C12orf57 disorder with corpus callosum agenesis, coloboma, seizures, and intellectual disability, mostly in consanguineous Arab families.

Tenalisib

Tenalisib (RP6530) is an oral dual PI3K delta/gamma and SIK3-pathway inhibitor by Rhizen Pharmaceuticals, investigated in T-cell lymphoma (ORR 46% monotherapy, 75% with romidepsin) and breast cancer, with FDA fast-track and orphan drug status for PTCL.

Tenapanor

Tenapanor (IBSRELA, XPHOZAH) is a first-in-class, minimally absorbed intestinal NHE3 inhibitor approved for IBS-C in adults and for serum phosphorus control in dialysis patients.

Tendency to fall

Tendency to fall (ICD-11 MB47.C; ICD-10-CM R29.6) is a symptom code for fall propensity from old age or unclear causes, excluding injurious falls, dizziness, and syncope; central to older-adult fall risk screening and prevention.

Tendinopathy

Tendinopathy, also called tendinitis or tendinosis, is painful tendon degeneration from overload, affecting Achilles, patellar, rotator cuff, elbow, and gluteal tendons; treated with loading exercise, injections, and shockwave therapy.

Tendon

Tendon (sinew): fibrous connective tissue linking muscle to bone, mainly type I collagen (65-80% dry mass), with tenocytes, hierarchical bundles, energy-storing vs positional types, slow healing, and age-related stiffening.

Tendon reconstruction

Tendon reconstruction is an orthopedic and hand surgery procedure that rebuilds a damaged tendon with a graft, usually when repair is impossible more than 3 weeks after injury.

Tendon repair

Tendon repair, including flexor tendon repair, is the surgical treatment to restore a severed or injured tendon, using core and epitendinous sutures with early motion.

Tendon transfer

Tendon transfer is a surgical procedure that reroutes a working muscle-tendon unit to a new insertion, restoring movement lost to nerve palsy, tendon rupture, or paralysis.

Tenecteplase

Tenecteplase (TNKase, Metalyse) is a modified recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolytic, approved in 2000 for STEMI, given as a single bolus, with 14-fold higher fibrin specificity than alteplase.

Teneligliptin

Teneligliptin (Tenelia, MP-513) is an oral DPP-4 inhibitor by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma for type 2 diabetes, first approved in Japan in 2012, dosed 20-40 mg once daily, with no dose adjustment needed in renal or hepatic impairment.

Tennis elbow

Tennis elbow (lateral elbow tendinopathy, lateral epicondylitis) is a degenerative overuse condition of the forearm extensor tendon origin at the lateral elbow, causing pain with lifting and gripping; mostly affects workers over 40, not tennis players, and usually recovers within 1 to 2 years.

Tenodesis

Tenodesis is a surgical procedure in which a tendon is reattached to bone, used in the shoulder to secure a diseased or torn biceps tendon.

Tenofovir alafenamide

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF, GS-7340, Vemlidy) is a prodrug of tenofovir, an FDA-approved HBV nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor also used in HIV fixed-dose combinations such as Biktarvy and Descovy, delivering 90% lower plasma tenofovir than TDF with better renal and bone safety.

Tenofovir disoproxil

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF, Viread) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor prodrug of tenofovir approved in 2001 for HIV and hepatitis B, used in Truvada for PrEP, with renal and bone toxicity risks versus TAF.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), formerly PVNS or giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, is a rare benign but locally aggressive synovial tumor with localized and diffuse subtypes, driven by CSF1 overexpression and treated by surgery or CSF1R inhibitors such as pexidartinib.

Tenosynovitis

Tenosynovitis is inflammation of a tendon sheath, caused by overuse, autoimmune disease, or infection; infectious forms are emergencies. Includes De Quervain's tenosynovitis of the wrist, treated with corticosteroid injection plus thumb spica immobilization.

Tenotomy

Tenotomy is a surgical procedure that cuts a tendon to lengthen or release the muscle-tendon unit, correcting deformities such as clubfoot, spastic hips in cerebral palsy, and diabetic toe ulcers.

TENS trial

TENS trial (NCT02438241): Brazilian randomized controlled trial (Husch et al., Lung 2020) of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation after posterolateral thoracotomy in 45 ICU patients; small early pain benefit only, no recovery improvement at 48 hours.

TENSINTEST study

The TENSINTEST study, or Angiotensin II Stress Test, is an observational trial at University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia, tracking renin changes during angiotensin II treatment of vasoplegic shock.

Tensiomyography

Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that measures the radial displacement of a superficial muscle during an electrically evoked twitch, used mainly in sports science.

Tension band wiring

Tension band wiring (TBW) is a surgical technique that converts tensile forces into compression across a fracture, used most often for patella and olecranon fractures.

Tension headache

Tension-type headache (TTH), also called tension headache or muscle contraction headache, is the most common primary headache disorder: bilateral, pressing, mild-to-moderate pain lasting 30 minutes to 7 days, treated with simple analgesics and prevented with acupuncture or amitriptyline.

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

Tensor fasciae latae (TFL, musculus tensor fasciae latae): small fusiform superficial gluteal-region muscle of the anterolateral thigh, arising from the ASIS and iliac crest, inserting via the iliotibial tract on Gerdy's tubercle, innervated by the superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1).

Tensor tractography

Tensor tractography is a diffusion MRI technique that reconstructs white matter fiber pathways as streamlines by following the principal diffusion direction voxel-by-voxel through the brain.

Tensor tympani muscle

Tensor tympani (musculus tensor tympani), a small middle-ear muscle innervated by CN V3, tenses the eardrum via the malleus, participates in the middle ear muscle reflex, and causes tensor tympani syndrome when it contracts involuntarily.

Tepotinib

Tepotinib (Tepmetko), an oral selective MET kinase inhibitor by EMD Serono, treats metastatic NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping; FDA accelerated approval 2021, traditional approval 2024, based on the VISION trial.

Teprasiran

Teprasiran (QPI-1002, I5NP) is a naked p53-targeting siRNA from Quark Pharmaceuticals, licensed to Novartis, for preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery and delayed graft function after kidney transplant; positive phase 2 but terminated phase 3, not approved.

Teprenone

Teprenone (geranylgeranylacetone, GGA, brand Selbex) is an Asian anti-ulcer mucosal-protective drug, ATC A02BX15, that induces HSP70; it reduces NSAID-induced GI ulcers versus placebo (RR 0.37) but underperforms PPIs and H2RAs.