Human health and medicine

Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin (Egrifta, TH9507) is a synthetic 44-amino-acid GHRH analogue, FDA approved in 2010 to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy; it lowers visceral fat about 15-20% and raises IGF-1, with edema, arthralgia, and glucose intolerance as risks.

Tesetaxel

Tesetaxel (DJ-927) is an oral semi-synthetic taxane chemotherapy candidate that stabilizes microtubules and evades P-glycoprotein resistance; its CONTESSA phase 3 breast cancer trial met its endpoint, but development was discontinued in 2021 after FDA feedback.

Oct 20, 2026

Tesevatinib

Tesevatinib (XL647, KD019, EXEL-7647) is an oral multikinase inhibitor of EGFR, HER2, VEGFR, EphB4, and Src, trialed in EGFR-mutant NSCLC with brain metastases, glioblastoma, and polycystic kidney disease; never approved, its ADPKD phase 2 trial failed.

Tessier number 5 facial cleft

Tessier number 5 facial cleft (infraorbital facial cleft, Morian III): rare congenital oblique cleft from upper lip medial to the oral commissure across the cheek to the lower eyelid, with premolar-maxilla-orbital floor bony cleft; least common Tessier cleft.

Tessier number 7 facial cleft

Tessier number 7 facial cleft, also called transverse facial cleft or macrostomia, is a rare temporozygomatic congenital cleft through the pterygomaxillary junction, associated with hemifacial microsomia and Treacher Collins syndrome, repaired by commissuroplasty.

Test-negative design

The test-negative design is an observational study design for estimating vaccine effectiveness, comparing vaccination status of patients with the same illness who test positive versus negative.

Testicle

Testicle (testis, plural testes): male reproductive gland in the scrotum producing sperm and testosterone; 3–5 cm long, temperature-regulated 2–7 °C below core body temperature, controlled by LH and FSH.

Testicles as food

Testicles as food, known as Animelles or Donbalan, are animal testicles eaten as offal and prepared by peeling, boiling, slicing, and frying across the American West, the Balkans, the Middle East, and East Asia.

Testicular agenesis

Testicular agenesis, also called bilateral anorchia or vanishing testis syndrome, is congenital absence of both testes in a 46,XY male with normal male genitalia, occurring in about 1 in 20,000 males, diagnosed by undetectable AMH and inhibin B with elevated FSH, and managed with testosterone replacement at puberty.

Testicular cancer

Testicular cancer, a germ-cell malignancy of the testicles (seminoma or nonseminoma), is the most common cancer in men aged 20 to 39, rare overall (about 1 in 250 lifetime), highly curable, and not screened for per USPSTF.

Testicular hyperfunction

Testicular hyperfunction (ICD-10 E29.0; ICD-11 5A81.0), also called hypersecretion of testicular hormones or testotoxicosis, is excess testicular androgen production, usually from a Leydig cell tumor or LH-independent precocious puberty.

Testicular hypofunction

Testicular hypofunction (ICD-11 5A81.1), also called testicular failure or male hypogonadism, is impaired testicular production of testosterone and sperm; classified as primary (high LH/FSH) or secondary (low gonadotropins).

Testicular self-examination

Testicular self-examination (TSE), also called testicular self-exam, is a monthly self-check of the testicles for lumps or changes. USPSTF recommends against routine screening; NHS advises monthly checks from puberty; no randomized trials show mortality benefit.

Testicular sperm extraction

Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is an open surgical procedure that removes small pieces of testicular tissue to retrieve sperm in men with azoospermia, for fertilization by ICSI.

Testicular teratoma

Testicular teratoma is a germ cell tumor containing tissues from all three germ layers. Prepubertal-type teratoma is benign; postpubertal-type is malignant, GCNIS-derived, chemotherapy-resistant, and treated surgically.

Testicular tissue cryopreservation

Testicular tissue cryopreservation is an experimental fertility preservation method that freezes testicular tissue from prepubertal boys before gonadotoxic cancer treatment; more than 3,000 boys have banked tissue.

Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion: twisting of the spermatic cord cutting testicular blood flow, a urological emergency causing up to 15% of acute scrotal pain. Key facts: bell-clapper deformity, 4–6 hour salvage window, Doppler ultrasound, bilateral orchiopexy.

Testis biopsy

Testis biopsy is a surgical diagnostic procedure in which a small sample of testicular tissue is removed and examined under the microscope to assess sperm production, most often in evaluating male infertility.

Testis-sparing surgery

Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) is a urologic operation for testicular tumors in which the lesion is enucleated and the remaining tissue preserved, maintaining fertility and hormone production in carefully selected patients.

Testolactone

Testolactone (Teslac, Δ1-testololactone) is a first-generation steroidal aromatase inhibitor used 1970-2008 for advanced breast cancer, precocious puberty, and gynecomastia; discontinued after more potent inhibitors emerged.

Testosterone

Testosterone: male sex hormone essential to male development, isolated and named in 1935 by Ernst Laqueur's group. FDA-approved TRT products treat low testosterone with an associated medical condition; TRAVERSE (2023) showed no cardiovascular signal, and 2025-2026 FDA actions removed warnings and proposed wider uses.

Testosterone (medication)

Testosterone (medication), or testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is prescription testosterone for male hypogonadism; formulations include gels, patches, injections, and pellets, with TRAVERSE showing cardiovascular noninferiority.

Testosterone replacement therapy

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the medical administration of testosterone, usually as a gel, injection, patch, or pellet, to restore normal hormone levels in men with hypogonadism.

Tetadif

Tetadif (dT) is a WHO-prequalified adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine with reduced diphtheria antigen, made by BB-NCIPD EAD in Bulgaria, prequalified 9 May 2006 (FVP-P-79), stored at 2-8°C, and used as a comparator in thermostable vaccine trials.

Tetanus

Tetanus (lockjaw), caused by Clostridium tetani toxin from wound-contaminating spores, causes muscle spasms; preventable only by vaccination, with no person-to-person spread or natural immunity after recovery.

Tetanus & diphtheria toxoids adsorbed for adult use

Tetanus & diphtheria toxoids adsorbed for adult use (Td; tradename TENIVAC, also TDVAX) is an aluminum-phosphate-adsorbed toxoid vaccine for persons 7 years and older, given as three primary doses and decennial boosters against tetanus and diphtheria.

Tetanus neonatorum

Tetanus neonatorum (neonatal tetanus) is newborn tetanus from Clostridium tetani infecting the umbilical stump after unclean delivery or cord care; preventable by maternal TTCV vaccination and clean birth practices, with 52 of 59 priority countries validated for elimination as of July 2026.