Human health and medicine

TQH2722 (IL-4Rα antibody)

TQH2722 (BSI-045A) is a humanized IgG4 anti-IL-4Rα monoclonal antibody by Chia Tai Tianqing and Biotheus, blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling; Phase III in atopic dermatitis with CDE NDA accepted in 2026.

TQL trial (NCT05349656), a completed Alexandria University randomized quadruple-masked trial comparing transmuscular quadratus lumborum block versus PENG block for postoperative analgesia in 40 children aged 1 to 6 undergoing open hip surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Trabectedin

Trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis) is a marine-derived alkylating anticancer drug from the tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, approved in the EU in 2007 for soft tissue sarcoma and relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, and by the FDA in 2015.

Trabecular bone score

The trabecular bone score (TBS) is a software-derived index of bone texture computed from routine lumbar spine DXA scans, which complements bone density in assessing fracture risk.

Trabeculectomy

Trabeculectomy is a glaucoma operation that creates a small drainage channel in the eye to lower intraocular pressure, and is often described as the gold standard.

Trabeculoplasty

Trabeculoplasty is a laser procedure applied to the eye's trabecular meshwork drainage tissue to improve outflow and lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma, with variants including ALT, SLT, and MLT.

Trabeculotomy

Trabeculotomy is a glaucoma operation that restores fluid drainage by cutting the trabecular meshwork and opening Schlemm's canal, introduced by R. Smith in 1960 and used mainly for congenital glaucoma.

Trabedersen

Trabedersen (AP 12009, OT-101) is an 18-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide silencing TGF-β2; trialed intratumorally in high-grade glioma and intravenously in pancreatic cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer.

Trabodenoson

Trabodenoson (INO-8875), a selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist eye drop developed by Inotek for glaucoma; lowered intraocular pressure in Phase 2 but failed its MATrX-1 Phase 3 and latanoprost combination trials, and development was discontinued in July 2017.

Oct 20, 2026

TRACEⅡ trial

The TRACEⅡ trial, also written TRACE-2, was a phase 3 randomized trial at 53 Chinese centers that found a single bolus of tenecteplase noninferior to alteplase for acute ischemic stroke.

Tracey Yap

Tracey Yap is an American nurse scientist and professor at the Duke University School of Nursing known for cueing interventions that prevent pressure injuries in long-term care.

Trachea

Trachea (windpipe): midline cartilage-ringed airway from larynx to carina; 10-13 cm in adults, 16-20 C-shaped rings, trachealis muscle posteriorly, four wall layers, mucociliary clearance.

Tracheal agenesis

Tracheal agenesis (tracheal atresia) is a rare, usually lethal congenital absence or underdevelopment of the trachea, ORPHA:3346, prevalence under 1 in 50,000, male predominance 2:1, Floyd types I-III, high mortality.

Tracheal intubation

Tracheal intubation (endotracheal intubation) places a tube in the trachea to secure the airway, confirmed by waveform capnography. First used for anesthesia by Macewen in 1878; routine since curare's 1942 introduction; video laryngoscopy now improves first-attempt success.

Tracheal tube

Tracheal tube (endotracheal tube): flexible airway catheter inserted orally or nasally for anesthesia and ventilation; used in over 80% of general anesthetics; cuffed since Guedel and Waters 1932; cuff pressure kept below 30 cmH2O.

Trachelectomy

Trachelectomy, also known as vaginal trachelectomy, is an operation that removes the uterine cervix to treat early cervical cancer while preserving the uterus for future pregnancy.

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Tracheobronchial lymph nodes sit at the tracheal bifurcation (superior and inferior, or carinal, groups), drain both lung lymphatic plexuses, the thoracic trachea, and esophagus, and correspond to IASLC stations 2, 4, 7, and 10 in lung cancer staging.

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (tracheopathia osteoplastica) is a rare benign airway disease with submucosal bone and cartilage nodules sparing the posterior tracheal wall, diagnosed by bronchoscopy.

Tracheobronchoplasty

Tracheobronchoplasty is a thoracic operation that reinforces the weakened posterior wall of the trachea and main bronchi with mesh, restoring airway shape in adults with severe tracheobronchomalacia.

Tracheoesophageal puncture

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is a surgical procedure creating a small fistula between the trachea and esophagus, fitted with a one-way valved voice prosthesis to restore speech after total laryngectomy.

Tracheomalacia

Tracheomalacia: weak or floppy tracheal cartilage causing windpipe collapse, noisy breathing, and recurrent infections; congenital or acquired, often resolving by age 2, treated with physiotherapy, CPAP, or aortopexy/tracheopexy surgery.

Tracheoplasty

Tracheoplasty is a surgical reconstruction of the trachea that widens or rebuilds a narrowed airway, most often to correct congenital or acquired tracheal stenosis; slide tracheoplasty trades length for caliber.

Tracheostomy

Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure creating an opening through the neck into the trachea to secure an airway, enable prolonged ventilation, and allow suctioning of secretions.

Tracheostomy decannulation

Tracheostomy decannulation, or decannulation of the tracheostomy tube, is the weaning process ending in permanent tube removal and stoma closure once breathing, swallowing, and cough are adequate without it.

Tracheostomy malfunction

Tracheostomy malfunction (ICD-11 CB60; ICD-10 J95.0) is failure of a tracheostomy tube or stoma: obstruction, displacement, cuff leak, infection, hemorrhage, or fistula, managed via NTSP emergency algorithms.

Tracheotomy

Tracheotomy (tracheostomy): surgical opening through the neck into the trachea for breathing. Ancient origins (Ebers Papyrus ~1550 BC), standardized by Chevalier Jackson; modern percutaneous techniques by Ciaglia 1985; used for prolonged ventilation and airway obstruction.

Trachoma

Trachoma, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is the leading infectious cause of blindness; controlled by the WHO SAFE strategy, with 33 countries validated as having eliminated it as a public health problem by 2026.

Traction

Traction (orthopedics): pulling force applied to limbs, pelvis, or spine via skin or skeletal traction to reduce fractures and dislocations; Thomas splint cut WWI femur fracture mortality by 65%, but routine preoperative hip-fracture traction now shows no benefit.

Traction therapy

Traction therapy applies a pulling force to the spine to separate vertebrae and relieve pain; it remains widely used despite reviews finding little or no benefit.