25,729 articles
Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair
Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair, or T-TEER, is a catheter-based procedure that clips tricuspid valve leaflets together to reduce severe regurgitation, delivered through a vein without open surgery.
Transcobalamin II
Transcobalamin II, encoded by the TCN2 gene, is a 43 kDa plasma protein that binds newly absorbed vitamin B12 and delivers it into cells via the CD320 receptor.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique delivering weak sinusoidal currents through scalp electrodes to modulate cortical neural oscillations, used in cognitive research and psychiatric and neurological targets.
Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method delivering 1–2 mA constant current via scalp electrodes; used for depression (Level A evidence), pain, stroke, and Parkinson's disease, with HD-tDCS variants.
Transcranial Doppler
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography, introduced by Aaslid in 1982, is a noninvasive 2 MHz ultrasound test measuring blood flow velocity in basal brain arteries, used for vasospasm, stroke, sickle cell screening, and brain death confirmation.
Transcranial electric stimulation
Transcranial electric stimulation (tES) is a noninvasive technique passing weak electrical currents through scalp electrodes to modulate brain activity, investigated for depression, pain, and stroke rehabilitation.
Transcranial electrical stimulation
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique passing weak currents through scalp electrodes, with variants tDCS, tACS, and tRNS used in research and treatment.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique introduced by Barker in 1985, using pulsed magnetic fields to depolarize cortical neurons; FDA-cleared for depression, OCD, and migraine, with seizure risk under 0.1%.
Transcranial pulse stimulation
Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation method that delivers ultrashort focused ultrasound pulses through the skull, introduced by Roland Beisteiner and colleagues in 2019 and studied in Alzheimer's disease.
Transcranial random noise stimulation
Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique, introduced in 2008, that passes weak random electrical current through scalp electrodes to alter cortical excitability.
Transcranial sonography
Transcranial sonography is an ultrasound technique that images brain tissue through the intact skull, used chiefly to detect substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as a supportive marker of Parkinson's disease.
Transcranial stimulation
Transcranial stimulation is a family of noninvasive neuromodulation techniques that alter brain activity through the intact skull, using magnetic pulses or weak electrical currents for research and treatment.
Transcription-mediated amplification
Transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification method that uses two enzymes to amplify RNA or DNA targets for pathogen detection and blood screening.
Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitoring
Transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (tcPO2/tcPCO2, transcutaneous capnometry): noninvasive, continuous measurement of skin-surface oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures using heated electrodes, developed from 1972, routine in neonatal ICU.
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a non-invasive technique that delivers low-voltage electrical pulses through surface electrodes on acupuncture points to relieve pain and prevent nausea.
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation, most commonly transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), delivers low-voltage pulsed current through electrodes on intact skin to stimulate nerves for pain relief.
Transcutaneous oximetry
Transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2) is a noninvasive test that measures oxygen partial pressure at the skin surface using a heated electrode, guiding wound care and limb ischemia assessment.
Transcutaneous pacing
Transcutaneous pacing (TCP, external pacing): emergency noninvasive cardiac pacing via skin electrodes for symptomatic bradycardia; a short-term bridge to transvenous pacing, ineffective in asystolic arrest; pioneered by Paul Zoll, re-introduced 1981 with 40 ms pulses and 80 cm2 electrodes.
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation
Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique using skin electrodes to activate spinal cord circuits, used to restore motor function after spinal cord injury.
Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation
Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that passes weak direct current through skin electrodes over the spine to modulate spinal cord excitability.
Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation treatment that delivers electrical pulses to the tibial nerve at the ankle through skin electrodes, used mainly for overactive bladder.
Transdermal patch
Transdermal patch: adhesive drug-delivery system releasing medication through skin into systemic circulation over days. First marketed 1979 (scopolamine, Transderm Scop); nitroglycerin patches 1981; reservoir vs matrix designs; avoids first-pass metabolism.
Transduodenal Sphincterotomy
Transduodenal sphincterotomy (transduodenal sphincteroplasty, TDS) is open surgical incision of the sphincter of Oddi via a duodenotomy, now reserved for failed or impossible endoscopic sphincterotomy, altered anatomy, and pancreas divisum.
Transesophageal echocardiography
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an ultrasound technique in which a probe in the esophagus images the heart from behind, giving sharper pictures than chest-wall scans.
Transference-focused psychotherapy
Transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a structured, manualized psychodynamic treatment for personality disorders, developed by Otto Kernberg and colleagues at Weill Cornell Medical College and counted among the evidence-based treatments for borderline personality disorder.
Transferrin saturation
Transferrin saturation (TSAT), also called percent transferrin saturation, is a blood test calculated as serum iron divided by TIBC times 100; about 25–35% is typical, under 16–20% suggests iron deficiency, and 45% or more suggests iron overload such as hemochromatosis.
Transforaminal discectomy
Transforaminal discectomy, also called TELD or PTED, is a minimally invasive spine operation that removes herniated lumbar disc material through the neural foramen to relieve radicular leg pain.
Transforaminal epidural steroid injection
A transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is a pain-medicine procedure that injects corticosteroid near a spinal nerve root to treat radicular pain from disc herniation or stenosis.
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a spinal fusion technique that inserts a bone graft or cage into a lumbar disc space through a unilateral posterolateral approach.
TRANSFORM-2 trial
TRANSFORM-2 (NCT02418585), also called ESKETINTRD3002, was Janssen's pivotal phase 3 flexible-dose trial of esketamine nasal spray plus an oral antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression; it was the only one of the three short-term TRANSFORM trials to meet its primary MADRS endpoint.