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Transitional epithelium
Transitional epithelium, or urothelium, is the distensible stratified epithelium lining the renal calyces, ureters, bladder, and proximal urethra, with umbrella cells, uroplakin plaques, and tight junctions forming a stretchable urine barrier.
Transitory ileus of newborn
Transitory ileus of newborn (ICD-11 KB87.3), a temporary functional intestinal obstruction in neonates from absent peristalsis; distinguished from Hirschsprung disease by manometry and biopsy, and resolving with conservative care.
Transitory neonatal hypoparathyroidism
Transitory neonatal hypoparathyroidism (ICD-11 KB64; transient neonatal hypoparathyroidism) is a temporary newborn disorder of low PTH causing hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, usually from maternal hyperparathyroidism, resolving within weeks to months.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): an interventional radiology procedure creating a stent channel between portal and hepatic veins to treat portal hypertension complications; first done in Freiburg, 1988; ePTFE-covered stents outperform bare stents.
Transjugular liver biopsy
Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is a preferred procedure for obtaining liver tissue through a catheter from the internal jugular vein, especially for patients with coagulopathy.
Transketolase deficiency
Transketolase deficiency (TKT deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive pentose phosphate pathway disorder caused by TKT variants on 3p21.1, causing short stature, developmental delay, congenital heart defects, and elevated polyols.
Transkidney trial
Transkidney (NCT02960802), a Turku University Hospital clinical trial, kidney transplantation and renal and myocardial perfusion; uses PET to measure coronary and renal flow reserve after transplant; active, not recruiting, no results posted.
Translabyrinthine approach
The translabyrinthine approach is a neurosurgical route that removes the bony labyrinth to reach the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle, used mainly for vestibular schwannoma removal.
TRANSLATE-ACS study
TRANSLATE-ACS (NCT01088503) is a US multicenter observational registry of 12,365 myocardial infarction patients treated with PCI, funded by Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo, documenting real-world antiplatelet switching, medication persistence, platelet testing use, and outcomes over 12 months.
Transluminal trabeculotomy
Transluminal trabeculotomy is a microinvasive glaucoma operation that opens Schlemm's canal and the trabecular meshwork from inside the eye, using an illuminated microcatheter or blunted suture, to lower intraocular pressure.
Transmission scan
A transmission scan is a nuclear medicine procedure that measures how tissue absorbs photons, producing an attenuation map used to correct PET and SPECT images.
Transmuscular quadratus lumborum block
The transmuscular quadratus lumborum (TQL) block, also called the anterior QL block, is an ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia technique injecting local anesthetic between quadratus lumborum and psoas major for postoperative abdominal analgesia.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization
Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR, transmyocardial revascularization, TMR) is a surgical procedure drilling 10-50 laser channels through the left ventricle to treat refractory angina; FDA-approved in 1998, later judged obsolete.
Transnasal endoscopy
Transnasal endoscopy (TNE) is an office-based upper GI endoscopy in which an ultra-slim gastroscope is passed through the nose without sedation, used for dysphagia, reflux, varices screening, and Barrett's surveillance.
Transoral incisionless fundoplication
Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is an endoscopic antireflux procedure that rebuilds the gastroesophageal valve in chronic GERD patients using the EsophyX device, entirely through the mouth with no incisions.
Transoral laser microsurgery
Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) removes laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors through the mouth using a CO2 laser and operating microscope, with outcomes comparable to open surgery.
Transoral outlet reduction
Transoral outlet reduction (TORe) is an outpatient endoscopic procedure, introduced in 2013, that narrows a dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis to treat weight regain or dumping syndrome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Transoral robotic surgery
Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is a minimally invasive operation that removes throat, tonsil, and tongue base tumors through the mouth using the da Vinci robotic system.
Transpedicular fixation
Transpedicular fixation is a spinal instrumentation technique in which screws passed through the pedicles into the vertebral bodies are connected by rods to stabilize spinal segments, usually alongside fusion.
Transperineal biopsy
Transperineal biopsy, also called transperineal prostate biopsy, is a prostate biopsy technique in which the needle enters through the perineum, avoiding rectal bacteria and reducing sepsis risk.
Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection is the recipient immune system's attack on grafted tissue, spanning hyperacute, acute cellular, antibody-mediated, and chronic forms; diagnosed by biopsy under the Banff classification, it affects 10-15% of kidney recipients in year one and causes about half of kidney allograft losses.
Transplantation
Transplantation is the medical transfer of cells, tissues, or organs within a body or from donor to recipient; the first successful organ transplant was a kidney, in Boston in 1954.
Transplantation Conditioning
Transplantation conditioning (preparative regimen, conditioning regimen) is chemotherapy, radiation, or antibody treatment before hematopoietic stem cell transplant; it clears marrow, suppresses immunity, and kills tumor, in myeloablative, reduced-intensity, or non-myeloablative forms.
Transportation of Patients
Transportation of patients (MeSH D014187): conveying ill or injured people between locations, from prehospital ambulance and interfacility transport to intrahospital moves; distinct from administrative patient transfer, with roots in military and 19th-century urban ambulance services.
Transposition of the great vessels
Transposition of the great vessels, or transposition of the great arteries, is a congenital heart defect in which the aorta and pulmonary artery arise from reversed ventricles, causing cyanosis at birth.
Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy
Transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy is a diagnostic procedure that uses spring-loaded needles to sample prostate cores through the rectum, typically taking 10 to 12 cores.
Transsphenoidal surgery
Transsphenoidal surgery, also called endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, removes pituitary adenomas through the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus, and is the mainstay treatment for most pituitary tumors.
Transthoracic echocardiogram
Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), also called transthoracic echocardiography: ultrasound heart scan through the chest, pioneered by Edler and Hertz in Lund in 1953; assesses chambers, valves, and function, with known blind spots and MRI-comparison caveats.
Transthoracic echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most widely used imaging test in cardiology, an ultrasound of the heart performed through the chest wall to assess heart function, chambers, and valves.
Transthoracic needle biopsy
Transthoracic needle biopsy is a percutaneous procedure in which a needle is inserted through the chest wall, usually under imaging guidance, to sample lung or mediastinal lesions for diagnosis.