Human health and medicine

Tractometry

Tractometry is a diffusion MRI analysis method that quantifies diffusion-derived tissue metrics along reconstructed white matter tracts, producing detailed along-tract profiles used to study development, disease, and the visual system.

Tradipitant

Tradipitant (NEREUS, LY686017, VLY-686) is a selective NK-1 receptor antagonist approved by the FDA in December 2025 to prevent motion-induced vomiting in adults; dosed 85 or 170 mg, half-life 34 hours.

Traditional Chinese medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (中医), also called East Asian medicine, is a Chinese healthcare system combining acupuncture, tai chi, and herbal products, with origins about 3,000 years ago.

Traditional medicine

Traditional medicine: codified or non-codified healthcare systems pre-dating biomedicine, also called TCIM. Used by billions, under 1% of health research funding; WHO Global Strategy 2025–2034 adopted at WHA78.

Traditional Pulse Diagnosis

Traditional pulse diagnosis (nadi pariksha; TCM mai zhen, 脉诊) is pulse reading for disease diagnosis in Ayurvedic and East Asian medicine, using wrist positions cun, guan, chi, with reliability and automation research ongoing.

Trafermin

Trafermin (Fiblast, Regroth) is recombinant human basic FGF (FGF2) approved in Japan in 2001 as a topical spray for skin ulcers and pressure ulcers, and in 2016 for periodontal bone defects.

Tragus (ear)

Tragus (ear): the small cartilaginous fold of the auricle in front of the ear canal opening. First-arch derivative per classical and revised embryology; tragal pointer marks the facial nerve; common cartilage piercing site.

Tralokinumab

Tralokinumab (Adtralza, ADBRY) is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody neutralizing IL-13, approved 2021 for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults and patients 12 years and older, dosed 300 mg every two weeks.

TRAM flap

The TRAM flap (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap) is a breast reconstruction technique that transfers lower-abdominal skin, fat, and muscle to the chest after mastectomy, first described in 1982.

Tramadol

Tramadol (Ultram) is an atypical synthetic opioid analgesic combining weak mu-opioid agonism via its CYP2D6-generated M1 metabolite with serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition; risks include seizures and serotonin syndrome.

Tramiprosate

Tramiprosate (homotaurine, ALZHEMED, 3-APS) is an oral amyloid-beta aggregation inhibitor trialed in Alzheimer's disease; its Phase 3 trials failed overall but showed APOE4-carrier benefits, leading to the prodrug valiltramiprosate (ALZ-801).

Trance disorder

Trance disorder (ICD-11 6B62; formerly ICD-10 F44.3 trance and possession disorders) is a dissociative disorder of involuntary, unwanted trance states with altered consciousness, narrowed awareness, and loss of voluntary control, absent substance, neurological, or sleep-wake causes.

Tranexamic acid

Tranexamic acid is an antifibrinolytic drug developed in Japan in 1962, which has been shown to reduce mortality in trauma patients and is recommended for postpartum hemorrhage.

Tranilast

Tranilast (Rizaben, トラニラスト) is an antiallergic, antifibrotic mast-cell stabilizer that suppresses TGF-β; approved in Japan, South Korea, and China for asthma and keloids, and in EMA/FDA orphan development for IPF.

Trans fat

Trans fat (trans-fatty acid, TFA): unsaturated fat with trans double bonds, from partial hydrogenation of oils or ruminant bacteria; raises LDL, lowers HDL, and is being eliminated by WHO REPLACE policies in 53 countries.

Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum

Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum, also Weston State Hospital and West Virginia Hospital for the Insane: Kirkbride Plan psychiatric hospital in Weston, West Virginia, operated 1864-1994, built 1858-1881, now a privately owned tour site.

Transabdominal preperitoneal repair

Transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is a laparoscopic inguinal hernia operation in which the peritoneal cavity is entered and mesh is placed in the preperitoneal space.

Transactional analysis

Transactional analysis (TA), developed by Eric Berne in the 1950s, is a personality theory and psychotherapy using Parent, Adult, and Child ego states, transactions, games, strokes, and life scripts.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (TRSTMH), monthly peer-reviewed journal of the RSTMH founded 1907, published by Oxford University Press; covers tropical medicine, infectious diseases, parasitology, and public health; 2025 Impact Factor 1.6.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive operation in which a rigid, sealed rectoscope is inserted through the anus to excise rectal tumors and close the defect, with no abdominal incision.

Transanal Endoscopic Surgery

Transanal endoscopic surgery (TES): TEM, TEO, and TAMIS techniques for local excision of rectal neoplasms through the anus using CO2 insufflation and endoscopic optics; TEM introduced by Gerhard Buess in 1983, TAMIS in 2010.

Transanal excision

Transanal excision (TAE) is a surgical technique that removes rectal lesions and early tumors through the anus, without abdominal incision, as an organ-sparing alternative to radical resection for selected low rectal tumors.

Transanal irrigation

Transanal irrigation (TAI) is a bowel management technique in which water is introduced into the rectum and colon to provoke emptying, treating chronic constipation, fecal incontinence, and neurogenic bowel dysfunction.

Transanal total mesorectal excision

Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is an operation for mid and low rectal cancer in which the rectum and mesorectum are dissected through the anus, from below.

Transarterial chemoembolization

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an interventional radiology procedure that delivers chemotherapy through tumor-feeding hepatic arteries with embolic agents, the recommended first-line treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma when surgery is unsuitable.