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Abdominal ultrasound
Abdominal ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging method using high-frequency sound waves through the abdominal wall to visualize organs such as the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and aorta, first described clinically in 1958.
Abdominal wall
Abdominal wall: the skin, fascia, muscle, and peritoneum enclosing the abdominal cavity; anterolateral and posterior walls, intra-abdominal pressure biomechanics, hernia repair, and abdominal wall reconstruction.
Abdominal wall hernia repair
Abdominal wall hernia repair is surgery to close a hernia defect, usually with mesh, using open techniques like the Lichtenstein repair or laparoscopic TAPP and TEP approaches.
Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques
Abdominal wound closure techniques cover suture methods and materials for laparotomy closure. Key standard: continuous small-bites aponeurotic closure with slowly absorbable monofilament suture, 4:1 suture-to-wound ratio, reducing incisional hernia versus large bites.
Abdominojugular test
Abdominojugular test (hepatojugular reflux): bedside maneuver of sustained abdominal compression while watching the jugular vein; sustained >3 cm rise signals right heart failure. Described by Pasteur in 1885; not a reflex.
Abdominoperineal resection
Abdominoperineal resection is an operation for low rectal cancer that removes the rectum, anal sphincters, and anus through abdominal and perineal incisions, leaving a permanent colostomy.
Abdominoplasty
Abdominoplasty, commonly called a tummy tuck, is a surgical procedure that removes excess abdominal fat and skin and restores weakened abdominal wall muscles for a firmer profile.
Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve (CN VI), also called the sixth cranial nerve, is a purely motor cranial nerve from the pons that supplies the lateral rectus muscle, abducting the eye.
Abelacimab
Abelacimab (MAA868) is a fully human monoclonal antibody anticoagulant that inactivates factor XI and factor XIa, given as a once-monthly subcutaneous injection and studied for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
Abelmoschus manihot flower total flavonoids oral patch
Abelmoschus manihot flower total flavonoids oral patch (黄蜀葵花总黄酮口腔贴片), a Chinese class 1.2 TCM double-layer buccal patch for mild recurrent aphthous ulcers, approved in China December 2022, Kangenbei, medical insurance listed 2023.
Abemaciclib
Abemaciclib (Verzenio, LY2835219) is Eli Lilly's oral CDK4/6 inhibitor for HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer; FDA-approved 2017, dosed continuously 150 mg twice daily, notable for diarrhea and low neutropenia.
Aberrometry
Aberrometry is an optical diagnostic technique that measures the wavefront aberrations of the eye, used to plan wavefront-guided laser surgery, select intraocular lenses, and diagnose corneal disease.
Abetalipoproteinemia
Abetalipoproteinemia (Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome), a rare autosomal recessive MTTP-related absence of apoB lipoproteins causing infant fat malabsorption, acanthocytosis, retinal and neuromuscular disease, treated with low-fat diet and vitamins A, D, E, K.
Abexinostat
Abexinostat (PCI-24781, S78454) is an oral pan-HDAC inhibitor in trials for relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma, showing 69.5% ORR in phase 2; not yet approved.
Abfraction
Abfraction: a proposed dental wear mechanism in which occlusal loading flexes the tooth, causing cervical loss of enamel and dentin (non-carious cervical lesion). Coined by Grippo in 1991; etiology remains controversial and multifactorial.
Abhay Joshi
Abhay Joshi is an American biotechnology manufacturing executive and president and CEO of Axent Biosciences in San Mateo, California, elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2025.
Abhaya curna
Abhaya curna (Abhaya churna, Abhaya Choorna) is an Ayurvedic fine-powder formulation of Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) used as a mild laxative (Anulomana); official dose 3-6 g, powder form outperformed tablets in mouse transit tests.
Abhaya vati
Abhaya vati (Abhayā vaṭī), a classical Ayurvedic tablet formulation in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, made of haritaki, datura, borax, pippali, snuhi, and black pepper; used for fever, jaundice, dyspepsia, anemia, and splenic disease.
Abhayalavana
Abhayalavana (Abhaya Lavana, अभय लवण) is a classical Ayurvedic medicinal salt blend of rock salt, pink salt, oils, and warming herbs, described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali and Sharangadhara Samhita for cough, piles, and digestion, and studied in a small gallstone case series.
Abhayarista
Abhayarista (Abhayarishta, Abhayarishtam, अभयारिष्ट) is a classical Ayurvedic fermented liquid formulation based on Haritaki, used for constipation, piles, and digestive disorders; sourced from Bhaishajya Ratnavali.
Abhraka bhasma
Abhraka bhasma (अभ्रक भस्म), Ayurvedic calcined mica ash from Rasashastra; purified (Shodhana), incinerated through repeated Puta cycles into nanocrystalline herbo-mineral powder used as rasayana for asthma, diabetes, anemia.
Abicipar pegol
Abicipar pegol, proposed brand name Rayoqta, is a pegylated DARPin protein inhibiting VEGF-A, developed by Molecular Partners and Allergan for macular degeneration but rejected by the FDA over intraocular inflammation.
ABILITY trial
ABILITY Diabetes Global (NCT04236609): 3,032-patient randomized trial comparing the Abluminus DES+ sirolimus-eluting stent with the XIENCE everolimus-eluting stent in diabetic PCI patients; the sirolimus stent failed noninferiority for target-lesion revascularization and failure at 12 months.
Abiraterone
Abiraterone is a steroidal drug that inhibits CYP17A1, an enzyme required for androgen biosynthesis, and is used with prednisone to treat advanced prostate cancer, first US approved in 2011.
Abiraterone acetate
Abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) is an oral CYP17 inhibitor prodrug given with prednisone for advanced prostate cancer; FDA-approved from 2011 (mCRPC) and 2018 (mCSPC), with survival benefit in COU-AA-301, LATITUDE, and STAMPEDE.
Abiraterone/prednisone regimen
The abiraterone/prednisone regimen is a combination drug treatment for metastatic prostate cancer in which abiraterone acetate, an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor, is given with prednisone on androgen deprivation therapy.
Abivertinib
Abivertinib (AC0010, avitinib) is an oral, irreversible, mutant-selective third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor for T790M-positive NSCLC, developed by Hangzhou ACEA; its phase 3 AEGIS-2 trial was withdrawn and it never reached approval.
Ablation Techniques
Ablation techniques are medical procedures that destroy targeted tissue using heat, extreme cold, chemicals, or lasers instead of surgical excision, in treatments such as radiofrequency and cryoablation of cardiac arrhythmias and tumors.
Ablative radiotherapy
Ablative radiotherapy, known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or SABR, delivers a high radiation dose to a tumor in one to a few sessions, aiming to destroy it completely.
Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome
Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS), also McCarthy syndrome, an ultra-rare autosomal dominant congenital malformation syndrome from TWIST2 E75K mutations, with underdeveloped eyelids, wide fish-like mouth, ear and genital anomalies; under 30 cases reported.