Lamiid families

Ixora

Ixora is a pantropical genus of about 545 Rubiaceae shrubs and small trees, also called flame of the woods or jungle geranium (I. coccinea), known for showy 4-merous tuberous flower clusters, ornamental hedges, and Ayurvedic medicinal use.

Ixora coccinea

Ixora coccinea (flame-of-the-woods, jungle geranium, scarlet jungleflame) is a Rubiaceae shrub native from India to Indo-China, grown tropically worldwide for red flower clusters, with folk-medicinal root and flower uses.

Jacaranda

Jacaranda Juss. is a Neotropical genus of about 51 tree and shrub species in Bignoniaceae, native from tropical America to northern Argentina; Jacaranda mimosifolia, with blue-violet flowers, is a famous ornamental street tree worldwide.

Jacaranda mimosifolia

Jacaranda mimosifolia, the blue jacaranda, a South American Bignoniaceae tree with lavender-blue trumpet flowers, widely planted as a street tree but an environmental weed in Australia and South Africa.

Jasmine

Jasminum, the jasmine genus, is a group of about 200 accepted Oleaceae shrubs and vines native to the Old World tropics, with fragrant white or yellow tubular flowers, including cultivated species like J. sambac.

Jasminum officinale

Jasminum officinale, common or poet's jasmine (su fang hua), a scrambling Oleaceae shrub native from Transcaucasus to south-central China, long cultivated for fragrant flowers used in perfume, medicine, and food.

Jasminum sambac

Jasminum sambac, Arabian jasmine or sampaguita, is a South Asian Oleaceae shrub used for jasmine tea, perfume, and religious garlands; national flower of the Philippines and Indonesia.

Kigelia

Kigelia (sausage tree, Kigelia africana, worsboom, muratina) is a monotypic African Bignoniaceae genus with large toxic sausage fruits up to 90 cm, bat-pollinated night flowers, and about 150 characterized phytochemicals used in African traditional medicine and skin products.

Knautia

Knautia (scabious) is a Caprifoliaceae genus of about 40-61 herb species native from Europe to Siberia and Central Asia; best known is field scabious (Knautia arvensis), a gynodioecious, ant-dispersed, insect-pollinated perennial prone to hybridisation and polyploidy.

Lamiaceae

Lamiaceae (Labiatae), the mint family, is a cosmopolitan Lamiales family of about 236 genera and over 7,000 species, sixth largest among angiosperms, with opposite leaves, four-stamened zygomorphic flowers, and major culinary and aromatic uses.

Lamiales

Lamiales, also known as Scrophulariales or Lamiiflorae, is a large order of flowering plants with over 20,000 species worldwide, including mints, olives, sesame, and foxgloves, named in 1993.

Lamium

Lamium (dead-nettles) is a genus of annual or perennial herbs in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to temperate Eurasia, Macaronesia to Ethiopia. About 32 accepted species; nettle-like leaves that do not sting; two-lipped flowers; includes L. album, L. purpureum, L. galeobdolon.

Lamium galeobdolon

Lamium galeobdolon (yellow archangel; syn. Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Galeobdolon luteum) is a stoloniferous perennial mint native to Europe to W. Siberia and Iran, with yellow hooded flowers, used as ground cover; its variegated subspecies argentatum is invasive.

Lamium purpureum

Lamium purpureum, purple or red dead-nettle, is a mint-family winter annual weed native from Macaronesia and Europe to West Siberia, introduced in North America and Japan; square stems, purple-tinged petioled upper leaves, and pinkish-purple flowers distinguish it from henbit.

Lantana camara

Lantana camara, also known as West Indian lantana, is a flowering shrub native to tropical America and one of the world's most widely distributed invasive weeds.

Lavandula

Lavandula (lavenders), a genus of about 41 aromatic Lamiaceae species native from Macaronesia to India, cultivated for essential oil rich in linalool and linalyl acetate; key species are L. angustifolia and the hybrid lavandin L. × intermedia.

Lavandula angustifolia

Lavandula angustifolia (English lavender, true lavender, synonym L. officinalis) is a Lamiaceae subshrub native to NE Spain to Italy, grown for linalool- and linalyl acetate-rich essential oil and hardiness.

Lavandula x intermedia

Lavandula x intermedia (lavandin, Dutch or bastard lavender) is a sterile hybrid of true lavender and spike lavender, native to SE France and NE Spain, the most cultivated lavender, yielding about 120 kg oil/ha with camphor notes.

Lemon balm

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis, sweet balm, toronjil) is a lemon-scented Lamiaceae perennial herb native from the Mediterranean to Central Asia, grown as a culinary and medicinal herb; rich in rosmarinic acid and citronellal, studied for anxiety and sleep.

Lentibulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae, the bladderwort family (Lentibulariaceae Rich., 1808), is the largest carnivorous plant family in Lamiales, with three genera: Pinguicula (flypaper traps), Genlisea (eel traps), and Utricularia (suction bladders).

Leonurus

Leonurus (motherwort), Lamiaceae genus of about 25 temperate Eurasian herb species; source of alkaloids leonurine and stachydrine, used as uterotonic in East Asia and sedative in Europe.

Ligustrum lucidum

Ligustrum lucidum, known as glossy privet, is an evergreen tree in the olive family native to China; its ripe fruits are used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Ligustrum vulgare

Ligustrum vulgare (European, common, or wild privet), Oleaceae shrub native from NW Africa and Europe to NW Iran, long grown for hedges; invasive in parts of North America, less damaging than Chinese privet.

Linaria vulgaris

Linaria vulgaris (yellow toadflax, butter-and-eggs, common toadflax) is a Eurasian perennial plantain with yellow spurred snapdragon-like flowers, invasive in North America via seeds and root buds, noxious in 10 U.S. states.

Lippia alba

Lippia alba (bushy lippia, bushy matgrass, erva-cidreira), Verbenaceae, is an aromatic American shrub used in traditional medicine as a sedative and digestive remedy, with seven essential-oil chemotypes (citral, carvone, linalool) and inclusion in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia.