Rosales, Fagales, and Cucurbitales

Morus nigra

Morus nigra, black mulberry (shah-toot), a deciduous Moraceae fruit tree native to western and southwestern Iran, cultivated since antiquity; decosaploid with 308 chromosomes and fruit 1–2.5 cm.

Myrica (bayberry, wax myrtle) is a cosmopolitan genus of about 50 accepted species of aromatic, actinorhizal shrubs and trees in Myricaceae (Fagales), including bog myrtle, wax myrtles, and Chinese bayberry, with Morella now synonymized under it.

Myricaceae

Myricaceae, the bayberry or sweet gale family, is a small Fagales family of aromatic, resin-dotted shrubs and small trees (Myrica, Comptonia, Morella, Canacomyrica) with waxy drupes and Frankia nitrogen-fixing root nodules.

Nothofagus alpina

Nothofagus alpina, raulí, is a deciduous southern beech of Chile and southwest Argentina, reaching 45 m and 650–800 years, prized for rose-coloured timber and widely planted in Chilean silviculture; IUCN Least Concern.

Nothofagus dombeyi

Nothofagus dombeyi, coihue or coigüe (Dombey's beech), an evergreen southern beech (Nothofagaceae) up to 40 m, dominant in Chilean-Argentine Patagonian forests from Colchagua to Aysén; IUCN Least Concern, hard timber tree.

Paliurus

Paliurus (Jerusalem thorn) is a genus of five spiny shrub and tree species in Rhamnaceae, tribe Paliureae, native from southern Europe and southwest Asia to East Asia, recognized by dry orbicular-winged wind-dispersed fruits and a rich Northern Hemisphere fossil record.

Pear

Pear, Pyrus communis and Asian Pyrus species, a temperate pome fruit from the rose family; world production about 26 million tons, propagated by grafting, self-unfruitful, and menaced chiefly by fire blight (Erwinia amylovora).

Pilea peperomioides

Pilea peperomioides (镜面草), the Chinese money plant, is a Urticaceae perennial native to SW Sichuan and W Yunnan, China, brought to Norway in 1946 by missionary Agnar Espergen, propagated by offsets and cuttings, and known for round peltate leaves.

Plum

Plum: stone fruit of Prunus, chiefly European plum Prunus domestica (hexaploid, prune and jam uses) and Japanese plum Prunus salicina (diploid, fresh market); second stone fruit crop after peach, ~12 million tons.

Potentilla erecta

Potentilla erecta (tormentil, erect cinquefoil) is a perennial Rosaceae herb of Europe to W. Siberia whose tannin-rich rhizome (Tormentillae rhizoma) is an EU traditional herbal medicine for mild diarrhoea and mouth inflammation.

Prunus

Prunus (plum, cherry, peach, almond, apricot genus) is a cosmopolitan Rosaceae genus of about 359 accepted drupe-bearing trees and shrubs, with three main phylogenetic clades and S-RNase gametophytic self-incompatibility requiring cross-pollination.

Prunus avium

Prunus avium, wild or bird cherry, sweet cherry, is a Rosaceae tree native from Europe to Afghanistan and North Africa, ancestor of cultivated sweet cherry, valued for premium hardwood and grown for fruit, with 224 synonyms.

Prunus cerasifera

Prunus cerasifera, the cherry plum or myrobalan plum (also Pissard plum, purpleleaf plum), is a diploid Eurasian Prunus tree used as a stone-fruit rootstock, ornamental, and wild genetic resource, native from SE Europe to the Himalaya.

Prunus domestica

Prunus domestica, the European plum, is a hexaploid fruit tree in the rose family cultivated for fresh fruit, prunes, and distilling, originating south of the Caucasus.

Prunus laurocerasus

Prunus laurocerasus, cherry laurel or common laurel, an evergreen Rosaceae shrub native from Serbia to northern Iran, widely grown for hedging, toxic leaves and seeds with cyanogenic glycosides, and invasive in parts of Central Europe.

Prunus mahaleb

Prunus mahaleb, the mahaleb or St. Lucie cherry (Cerasus mahaleb), a Rosaceae tree native from Europe to Central Asia and Morocco, source of the mahleb spice and a major cherry rootstock.

Prunus mume

Prunus mume, also called mei, ume, or Japanese apricot, is a Rosaceae tree native to southwest China, blooming fragrant flowers in winter and yielding acidic fruit used for umeboshi, medicine, and liquor.

Prunus padus

Prunus padus (bird cherry, European bird cherry, Mayday tree), Rosaceae tree of temperate Eurasia and Morocco; fragrant white racemes, black fruit, Least Concern, invasive ornamental in Alaska.

Prunus serotina

Prunus serotina, black cherry or rum cherry, a North American Rosaceae tree, largest native cherry and only commercially valuable one, Allegheny Plateau timber, invasive in European forests.

Prunus spinosa

Prunus spinosa, blackthorn or sloe, a spiny Rosaceae shrub native from Europe to Central Asia, Iran and NW Africa. White flowers before leaves, astringent sloe fruits used for sloe gin and pacharán; IUCN least concern.

Prunus subg. Cerasus

Prunus subg. Cerasus, the true cherries, is a subgenus of Prunus (Rosaceae) with about 50 Northern Hemisphere species including sweet cherry, sour cherry, and ornamental sakura; it originated in the Eastern Mediterranean–Central Asia before 11.57 Mya.

Prunus virginiana

Prunus virginiana (chokecherry), Rosaceae, a thicket-forming North American shrub or small tree with three varieties (virginiana, melanocarpa, demissa), astringent dark drupes, rhizomatous spread, strong fire resprouting, and hydrocyanic-acid pits.

Pterocarya

Pterocarya (wingnuts), genus of six Juglandaceae tree species native from Türkiye and Iran to East Asia; Cenozoic relict with Caucasus–East Asia disjunction, winged nutlets in pendulous catkins, and Miocene divergence from Juglans.

Purshia tridentata

Purshia tridentata, antelope bitterbrush, is a deciduous Rosaceae shrub native from British Columbia to the US Southwest, covering about 340 million acres, valued as mule deer and livestock browse, with Frankia nitrogen fixation and deep taproots.

Pyracantha

Pyracantha (firethorn) is a genus of six accepted evergreen, thorny Rosaceae shrubs native from southern Europe to China, grown for white spring flowers and red, orange, or yellow winter berries, prone to scab and fireblight.

Pyracantha coccinea

Pyracantha coccinea, scarlet firethorn (buisson ardent), a thorny evergreen Rosaceae shrub native from southern Europe to Iran, grown for white flowers and red berries, invasive in Florida, Brazil, and South Africa.

Pyrus

Pyrus is the pear genus of Rosaceae, native to temperate Eurasia and NW Africa, with about 77 accepted species, Occidental and Oriental clades, and independently domesticated European and Asian pears.

Pyrus calleryana

Pyrus calleryana, Callery or Bradford pear, is an Asian Rosaceae tree native to China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam, planted ornamentally in the US since the early 1900s and now invasive there because cultivar cross-pollination yields viable, bird-dispersed seed.

Pyrus communis

Pyrus communis, the European pear, is a Rosaceae tree native from Europe to northern Iraq, domesticated separately in Europe and the Caucasus, fifth most produced fruit worldwide, with cultivars like Bartlett and Bosc.