207 articles
Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris, Turkey oak (Saçlı Meşe), a fast-growing deciduous oak of section Cerris native to S. Europe to Türkiye and Anti-Lebanon; two-year acorns, bristly cups, drought-tolerant, IUCN least concern.
Quercus coccinea
Quercus coccinea, scarlet oak (also Spanish oak), an eastern US red oak of dry upland soils, 50-80 ft tall, with C-shaped leaf sinuses, scarlet fall color, thin fire-susceptible bark, and vigorous postfire sprouting; state tree of Washington, DC.
Quercus ilex
Quercus ilex, holm or holly oak, an evergreen Mediterranean oak of Fagaceae, dominant in dehesa woodlands; over 2 million ha, two subspecies (ilex, ballota), low-rate hybridization with cork oak, drought-tolerant anisohydric physiology.
Quercus nigra
Quercus nigra (water oak, possum oak) is a fast-growing red-group oak of the southeastern US Coastal Plain and bottomlands, with spatulate leaves, small biennial black acorns, weak wood, and wide use as a southern street tree.
Quercus palustris
Quercus palustris, the pin oak (also swamp oak, water oak), is a fast-growing red oak of eastern North American bottomlands, 50–70 ft tall, requiring acid soil and developing iron chlorosis on alkaline sites.
Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea, the sessile or durmast oak, is a large European oak native to Europe and N. Iran, distinguished from Q. robur by stalkless acorns and long leaf stalks, drought-tolerant, and valued for timber and barrels.
Quercus pubescens
Quercus pubescens (downy oak, pubescent oak), a polymorphic European white oak with hairy leaves and twigs, native from France to Türkiye, xerophilous on chalky soils, hybridizing with Q. petraea and Q. robur.
Quercus robur
Quercus robur (English or pedunculate oak), a 20-40 m Fagaceae tree native from Europe to Iran, Britain's iconic oak, hybridizing with Q. petraea, timber for ships and Westminster Hall, IUCN Least Concern.
Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra, northern red oak (dąb czerwony, chêne rouge), a large deciduous oak native to eastern North America, introduced to Europe in 1691; fast-growing timber and ornamental tree, drought-tolerant, invasive in Central Europe, susceptible to oak wilt.
Quercus stellata
Quercus stellata, post oak or iron oak, a slow-growing white oak of the southeastern and south-central US, drought-resistant on dry uplands, living 300-400 years, with fencepost wood and Cross Timbers pure stands.
Quercus suber
Quercus suber, the cork oak, is an evergreen oak of the western and central Mediterranean whose bark is stripped periodically and regrown, chiefly for wine stoppers.
Quercus variabilis
Quercus variabilis (栓皮栎), the Chinese cork oak or oriental oak, is an East Asian deciduous oak to 30 m with thick corky bark, cork and tannin uses, IUCN Least Concern status, and a 787 Mb genome.
Quercus velutina
Quercus velutina, black oak or yellow oak, is a deciduous eastern North American red oak of dry upland slopes, with black furrowed bark, yellow bitter inner bark (quercitron dye), biennial acorns, and wood sold as red oak.
Quercus virginiana
Quercus virginiana, the southern live oak (Virginia live oak), is a nearly evergreen southeastern US coastal plain oak with crowns to 150 ft, extremely dense wood used in USS Constitution shipbuilding, high salt tolerance, and G5/LC conservation status.
Raspberry
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus, European red raspberry) is a Rosaceae shrub whose fruit is an aggregate of drupelets, hollow when picked. Native to temperate Eurasia and North America; bee-pollinated; Russia led 2024 production with 213,818 tonnes.
Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae, the buckthorn family, is a Rosales family of trees, shrubs, and vines with c. 50-60 genera and 900-1,200 species, cosmopolitan, including Ziziphus jujubes, Rhamnus buckthorns, and Ceanothus ornamentals.
Rhamnus (plant)
Rhamnus (buckthorn) is a genus of about 139 accepted species of shrubs and small trees in Rhamnaceae, native to temperate and subtropical to tropical mountains, with drupes bearing 2-4 stones; R. cathartica is invasive in eastern North America.
Rhamnus alaternus
Rhamnus alaternus (Italian buckthorn, evergreen buckthorn) is a Mediterranean evergreen Rhamnaceae shrub, dioecious, with black 3-stoned drupes; used in North African folk medicine and invasive in California, Australia, and New Zealand.
Rosa bella
Rosa bella (美蔷薇, mei qiang wei) is a Chinese rose species, Rosaceae, described by Rehder & Wilson in 1915; a 1–3 m shrub of north and east China with pink flowers, red hips, and uses in oils, jam, and medicine.
Rosa canina
Rosa canina, the dog rose or common briar, is a scrambling Rosaceae shrub native from Europe to Central Asia, with vitamin C-rich rose hips, valued in food and herbal medicine, and invasive in Australia and Argentina.
Rosa gallica
Rosa gallica, the French rose or apothecary's rose (Rosa gallica var. officinalis), is a suckering tetraploid shrub native from Europe to the Caucasus and N. Iraq, progenitor of the Gallica garden roses, once-flowering, used in perfumery, medicine, and food.
Rosa multiflora
Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose, Japanese rose, baby rose), a scrambling Rosaceae shrub native to East Asia, introduced to North America as rootstock and living fence, now an invasive thicket-forming pasture weed.
Rosa rugosa
Rosa rugosa (Japanese rose, beach rose) is a hardy suckering shrub rose native to coastal East Asia, grown for fragrant flowers and large vitamin-C-rich hips, and invasive in coastal dunes of Europe and North America.
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (rose family), Rosoideae, Rosales. Cosmopolitan family of ~92 genera and 2,800-5,000 species centered in the north temperate zone, including apples, cherries, plums, strawberries, and roses, widely grown in botanical garden collections.
Rosales
Rosales, the rose order of flowering plants, has nine families, 263 genera, and about 8,010 species including Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraceae, and Urticaceae; it belongs to the nitrogen-fixing clade of fabids.
Rose
Rose (genus Rosa, family Rosaceae), also called China rose yuejihua in key lineage Rosa chinensis; Northern Hemisphere genus of about 350 prickly shrub species, five-petaled flowers, hips with achenes, and over 30,000 cultivated garden varieties.
Rose (disambiguation)
Rose (disambiguation): the genus Rosa (flowering plant, ~200-291 species), a female given name and surname of multiple origins, a light crimson color, and derived terms including sub rosa and the rose pangenome.
Rose hip
Rose hip (rose haw, rose hep): the accessory fruit of Rosa, a swollen hypanthium enclosing true achenes. Rich in vitamin C (400–1500 mg/100 g), used in foods, supplements (GOPO, osteoarthritis), and seed oil; differs from true drupes or berries.
Rowan
Rowan, also called mountain ash, is a small deciduous tree of the rose family, native to Europe and temperate Asia, known for its bright red autumn berries.
Rubus
Rubus is the rose-family genus of blackberries, raspberries, and brambles, with roughly 700 to over 1400 species, biennial prickly canes, aggregate drupelet fruits, apomixis, and polyploid, hybrid-driven taxonomy revised into 10 subgenera in 2023.