3,306 articles
Ginseng
Ginseng: slow-growing perennial Panax species (Asian Panax ginseng, American P. quinquefolius) whose ginsenoside-containing roots are used in traditional medicine; major East Asia–North America trade since the 1700s; clinical evidence limited.
Gladiolus
Gladiolus (sword lily) is a genus of about 296 cormous Iridaceae species native from Europe to Iran and Africa, centred in southern Africa; summer-flowering hybrids are major cut-flower crops, with corm rots and gladiolus thrips the main problems.
Glechoma
Glechoma (Lamiaceae) is a genus of stoloniferous perennial herbs native to temperate Eurasia, with four to eight species including ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), a tetraploid (2n=36) lawn weed introduced to North America.
Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea, ground ivy or creeping Charlie, is a creeping perennial mint native to Europe and Siberia, introduced to North America by 1672, toxic to horses, and a hard-to-control lawn weed.
Gleditsia
Gleditsia (locusts, honeylocusts) is a genus of 13 accepted spiny deciduous legume trees in Fabaceae, native to Asia, North and South America; honey locust G. triacanthos is widely cultivated.
Gliricidia
Gliricidia (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae genus of five species native from Mexico to Peru; G. sepium is a nitrogen-fixing agroforestry tree used as green manure, fodder, and living fence across the tropics.
Gliricidia sepium
Gliricidia sepium (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae tree native from Mexico to Colombia, planted pantropically for fodder, green manure, shade, living fences, and fuelwood; toxic to rodents, IUCN least concern.
Gloriosa
Gloriosa (flame lily, glory lily, climbing lily) is a genus of Colchicaceae herbs from Africa and Asia with tendril-tipped leaves and reflexed red-yellow flowers; G. superba yields colchicine but is lethally toxic.
Glossopteris
Glossopteris, an extinct Permian seed-fern genus of Gondwana with reticulate-veined strap leaves, heavy seeds, and coal-swamp habitat; key fossil evidence for continental drift, extinct by the Triassic.
Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (waxy or sticky rice, 糯稻) is Oryza sativa with nearly all-amylopectin starch from a wx allele mutation that arose once in Southeast Asia; it is the staple of Laos and northern and northeastern Thailand.
Glycine tabacina
Glycine tabacina (Variable Glycine), a perennial Fabaceae herb and wild soybean relative native from southern China and East Asia to Australia and the western Pacific; diploid B2B2 genome, 2n=40, with an allotetraploid complex and multiple polyploid origins.
Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza (licorice) is a Fabaceae genus of perennial herbs, mainly G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, whose sweet roots contain glycyrrhizin, a 11β-HSD2 inhibitor causing pseudohyperaldosteronism at high intakes.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice, licorice, sweet root, gan cao) is a Fabaceae perennial herb native from the central Mediterranean to Mongolia and Pakistan, cultivated for rhizomes containing glycyrrhizin, 50 times sweeter than sugar, used in confectionery, medicine, and tobacco, with hypertension risk from excess intake.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (gan cao, Chinese licorice) is a perennial Fabaceae herb native from eastern European Russia to Siberia and Pakistan, whose dried root and rhizome are a core traditional Chinese medicine containing glycyrrhizin.
Glyptostrobus europaeus
Glyptostrobus europaeus (Taxodium europaeum Brongniart 1833) is a fossil swamp cypress of Neogene Europe, a form species matching extant Glyptostrobus pensilis, known from Miocene Alonnisos, Greece, and widespread European swamp forests.
Glyptostrobus pensilis
Glyptostrobus pensilis (水松, Chinese swamp cypress, Mai Hing Sam) is the sole living species of its genus, a semi-aquatic Cupressaceae conifer of southern China, Laos, and Vietnam, IUCN Critically Endangered with few hundred wild trees, pneumatophores, and a Cretaceous-to-Pleistocene fossil record.
Gmelina arborea
Gmelina arborea (gamhar, yemane, white teak), Lamiaceae tree native Pakistan to southern China and Indo-China; fast-growing tropical plantation timber comparable to spruce, also pulp, fuel, and Ayurvedic medicine; IUCN Least Concern.
Gnaphalium
Gnaphalium (cudweed) is a woolly herbaceous genus of daisies (Asteraceae, tribe Gnaphalieae) published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 36 accepted species in the strict sense, a temperate and subtropical worldwide range, and documented medicinal and food uses.
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Gnaphalium uliginosum (marsh cudweed, low cudweed, 湿生鼠麴草) is a woolly annual Asteraceae herb of damp temperate Northern Hemisphere habitats; lectotype of Gnaphalium, used in Russian and Balkan traditional medicine.
Gnetophyta
Gnetales: gymnosperm order with three living genera, Ephedra, Welwitschia, and Gnetum; once placed near angiosperms (anthophyte hypothesis), now resolved as sister to Pinaceae (Gnepine).
Gnetum
Gnetum is a genus of about 44 tropical gymnosperm species, mostly evergreen lianas with broad, net-veined leaves, found across tropical Asia, Africa, Fiji, and northern South America.
Gnetum africanum
Gnetum africanum (eru, okok, afang) is a dioecious gymnosperm liana of Central African forests, first described by Welwitsch in 1869, whose leaves are a major traded vegetable; IUCN Near Threatened, with growing domestication in Cameroon and Nigeria.
Gnetum gnemon
Gnetum gnemon (melinjo, belinjau, bago) is a dioecious gymnosperm tree of Gnetaceae native from Tibet and Assam to Fiji, cultivated in Southeast Asia for emping seed crackers, edible leaves, and inner-bark fibre; Least Concern globally.
Golden Promise
Golden Promise is a British spring malting barley, a gamma-ray mutant of Maythorpe bred by Miln Marsters, dominant in Scotland in the 1970s, famed for Scotch whisky malt, and the reference genotype for barley transformation.
Golden rice
Golden Rice (Malusog Rice in the Philippines) is a genetically modified rice producing beta-carotene in the grain, developed by Potrykus and Beyer to combat vitamin A deficiency; approved in the Philippines in 2021 but blocked by a 2024 court ruling.
Goldenrod
Goldenrod (Solidago) is a genus of about 138 species of yellow-flowered perennial herbs in Asteraceae, mostly native to North America; blamed for hay fever but insect-pollinated, unlike ragweed.
Goldenseal
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis, yellow root) is a North American woodland perennial with a yellow rhizone harvested for berberine and hydrastine; no proven health benefits, drug interactions, CITES Appendix II, IUCN Vulnerable.
Gomphrena
Gomphrena (globe amaranth) is a genus of about 100-144 Amaranthaceae herbs, type species G. globosa, native from the Americas to Australia, C4, polyphyletic per phylogenomics, grown as ornamental cut and dried flowers.
Gongora
Gongora Ruiz & Pav. (1794) is a Neotropical orchid genus (Stanhopeinae) of epiphytes with pendent inflorescences, pollinated only by male euglossine bees; about 55-81 species from Mexico to South America and Trinidad.
Gordita
Gordita ("little fat one"), Mexican thick nixtamalized corn-masa cake, cooked on a comal or fried, split and filled after cooking; distinct from pupusa (filled before) and arepa; also a Taco Bell item since 1998.