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Fasciation
Fasciation is a plant malformation in which the growing tip produces flattened, often twisted shoots that look like several stems fused, a growth sometimes described as crested.
Fatsia japonica (ヤツデ)
Fatsia japonica (ヤツデ, yatsude), Japanese aralia or glossy-leaved paper plant, an evergreen Araliaceae shrub from Korea and Japan with 9-lobed glossy leaves, October-November white flowers, black fruit, and the Hedera hybrid ×Fatshedera.
Feijoa sellowiana
Feijoa sellowiana, also called pineapple guava or Acca sellowiana, is a South American evergreen shrub grown for its sweet, pineapple-flavored green fruit, developed as a crop mainly in New Zealand.
Fenhua Yangtijia
粉花羊蹄甲 (Bauhinia variegata var. candida), also called 白花宫粉羊蹄甲 or 大白花, is the white-flowered variety of the orchid tree B. variegata, a 5–8 m legume tree blooming March–May, cultivated in South China and Southeast Asia and eaten as a wild flower vegetable in Yunnan.
Fennel
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, fennel seeds, Florence fennel) is an Apiaceae herb native to the Mediterranean to W. Nepal, grown for aniseed-flavored bulb, leaves, and fruits; estragole content limits its oil, and it is invasive in California.
Fenugreek
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), annual Fabaceae herb from the Mediterranean and western Asia, grown for bitter maple-scented seeds and kasuri methi leaves; India leads production; studied for blood sugar effects.
FER herbarium
FER is the Index Herbariorum code for the herbarium of the Botanic Garden of the University of Ferrara, Italy, holding over 22,000 dried plant specimens, including the Campana and Felisi historic collections, in Palazzo Turchi di Bagno.
Fern
Fern: vascular spore-producing plants (Polypodiopsida) with fronds, sori, and a two-stage alternation-of-generations life cycle; over 300 million years old, on every continent except Antarctica, distinct from fern allies like horsetails.
Fern allies
Fern allies is a traditional, informal grouping of spore-bearing vascular plants that are not ferns, covering whisk ferns, clubmosses, spikemosses, horsetails, and quillworts; now abandoned as polyphyletic.
Fern biogeography
Fern biogeography is the study of where ferns and lycophytes occur worldwide and how dispersal, climate, and history shape those patterns, with richness peaking in wet montane tropics.
Fern cultivation
Fern cultivation is the practice of growing ferns as ornamental garden or container plants; most are woodland subjects wanting shade, moisture-retentive well-drained soil, and little feeding.
Fern propagation
Fern propagation is the set of techniques for creating new ferns: sowing spores through a two-generation life cycle, or cloning by rhizome division, bulbils, and runners.
Fern rhizome
A fern rhizome is the fern's stem, usually creeping underground, bearing roots and fronds; in tree ferns it can form a trunk up to 20 m tall.
Fern spike
A fern spike is an abrupt, short-lived rise in fern spores in the fossil record, marking rapid recolonization of devastated land by ferns after a catastrophe.
Fern sporophyte
The fern sporophyte is the diploid, spore-bearing generation of the fern life cycle: the rooted, photosynthetic plant that grows from the fertilized egg on the gametophyte.
Fernery
Fernery: a garden, building, or glass container for growing ferns, also called a filicetum. Flourished under Victorian pteridomania (Kingsley, 1855); notable survivors include Morris Arboretum's 1899 fernery and Sydney's 1993 fernery.
Ferns and fern allies of Great Britain and Ireland
The ferns and fern allies of Great Britain and Ireland are the islands' spore-bearing vascular plants, about 72 to over 100 species including horsetails and lycophytes.
Ferns and lycophytes of the United States
The ferns and lycophytes of the United States are the country's spore-bearing vascular plants: about 513 species in 407 ferns and 106 lycophytes, richest in warm, wet regions like Texas.
Ferns in disturbance and succession
Ferns in disturbance and succession are fern species that colonize recently opened ground such as landslides, burns, and abandoned fields, dominating for years before woody plants take over.
Ferns of Brazil
Ferns of Brazil are among the world's richest fern floras, with 1,412 species by 2023, roughly a third endemic, and the Atlantic Forest the richest biome.
Ferns of California
Ferns of California is the set of ferns, horsetail allies, quillworts, and spike-mosses native to the state, tracked at 66 taxa across 12 families and 27 genera.
Ferns of Canada
Ferns of Canada covers the country's ferns and lycophytes, 114 species in 31 genera and 13 families, richest in British Columbia and thinnest in the Arctic.
Ferns of China
The ferns of China make up probably the world's richest national fern flora: over 2,100 species in 177 genera, about 39% found nowhere else, richest in Yunnan.
Ferns of Eastern and Southeastern Europe
The ferns of Eastern and Southeastern Europe cover Poland, the Carpathians, the Balkans, Romania, Ukraine, and European Russia, with national counts of 74 taxa in Russia and 66 in Poland.
Ferns of Georgia (U.S. state)
Ferns of Georgia describes the state's more than 100 fern and fern-ally species across three regions, including rare granite-outcrop spleenworts, the endemic quillwort Isoetes tegetiformans, and invasive climbing ferns.
Ferns of Hawaii
The ferns of Hawaii are the roughly 180 native fern and lycophyte taxa of the Hawaiian Islands, about 77% endemic and increasingly threatened by feral animals and invasive plants.
Ferns of Indochina
The ferns of Indochina are the ferns and lycophytes native to mainland Southeast Asia, covering Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar, with Vietnam best surveyed at 1,132 species.
Ferns of Korea
The ferns of Korea are the native ferns, fern allies, and lycophytes of the Korean peninsula, with 333 fern taxa and 31 lycophytes recorded in the 2025 national checklist.
Ferns of Malesia
Ferns of Malesia describes the ferns and lycophytes of Malesia, a floristic region spanning Malaysia to Papua New Guinea with about 4,500 Southeast Asian pteridophyte species, including tree ferns and epiphytes.
Ferns of Melanesia
The ferns of Melanesia span New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, with New Guinea a tree fern hotspot holding 120 species, over two thirds endemic.