4,295 articles
Geum urbanum
Geum urbanum L. (wood avens, herb bennet) is a perennial Rosaceae herb native from Europe to Central Asia and NW Africa, with small yellow flowers and hooked achenes; its clove-scented eugenol root has traditional medicinal and flavoring uses, and it hybridizes with G. rivale as G. × intermedium.
Ghillie Dhu
Ghillie Dhu (Gille Dubh), Scottish folklore's solitary forest fairy of Gairloch, a dark-haired guardian in moss and leaves who guides lost children home and gave the ghillie suit its name.
Ghost pepper
Ghost pepper, also called Bhut Jolokia or Naga Jolokia, is a northeast Indian chili hybrid of C. chinense and C. frutescens measuring 855,000–1,041,427 SHU; Guinness hottest-pepper record holder in 2007 for four years.
Gibberellin
Gibberellins (GAs), tetracyclic diterpenoid plant hormones named after Gibberella fujikuroi, promote stem elongation, germination, and flowering; perceived by GID1 receptors, they trigger DELLA degradation and oppose ABA in seed dormancy.
Gigantochloa
Gigantochloa Kurz ex Munro is a genus of about 71 accepted tropical Asian clumping bamboos (Poaceae), native from S. China to Malesia, with tube-fused stamen filaments, used for construction, crafts, and edible shoots.
Gilia
Gilia (Ruiz & Pav., 1794) is a genus of about 25-39 species of annual herbs in Polemoniaceae, the phlox family, native to western North America and Ecuador to southern South America; taxonomically difficult, partly hybridizing, with ornamental and traditional medicinal uses.
Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale), spice from the plant's rhizome, family Zingiberaceae; native E. Himalaya to S. Central China; pungency from gingerols and shogaols; strongest clinical evidence for pregnancy nausea.
Ginkgo
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba, maidenhair tree, yinxing) is the sole living species of Ginkgoales, a Chinese living fossil tree, Endangered in the wild, with motile-sperm fertilization and leaf extract lacking proven health benefits.
Ginkgo biloba (银杏)
Ginkgo biloba (银杏), the maidenhair tree, sole living species of Ginkgoales: a living-fossil gymnosperm with fan-shaped dichotomously veined leaves, EGb 761 extracts, toxic MPN-containing seeds, and debated dementia evidence.
Ginkgoales
Ginkgoales, an order of gymnosperm seed plants including Ginkgo biloba, the only living species; fossil record from the Permian (~270 Ma), Late Triassic radiation, Jurassic-Early Cretaceous diversity, Laurasian origin, organ-reduction trend.
Ginkgotoxin
Ginkgotoxin (4′-O-methylpyridoxine, MPN) is a vitamin B6 antivitamin in Ginkgo biloba seeds; it inhibits pyridoxal kinase, lowers GABA, and causes vomiting and seizures treated with pyridoxine.
Ginseng
Ginseng: slow-growing perennial Panax species (Asian Panax ginseng, American P. quinquefolius) whose ginsenoside-containing roots are used in traditional medicine; major East Asia–North America trade since the 1700s; clinical evidence limited.
Gladiolus
Gladiolus (sword lily) is a genus of about 296 cormous Iridaceae species native from Europe to Iran and Africa, centred in southern Africa; summer-flowering hybrids are major cut-flower crops, with corm rots and gladiolus thrips the main problems.
Gladiolus 'Priscilla'
Gladiolus 'Priscilla' is a Dutch-bred large-flowered gladiolus cultivar (K & K Gootjes, NL rights 1994) with pink-edged, yellow-centered florets, widely grown as a cut flower and garden plant and a frequent benchmark in cultivar trials.
Glass Gem Corn
Glass Gem corn: modern open-pollinated flint/popcorn maize bred by Carl Barnes in Oklahoma from Pawnee and Osage corns; named by Greg Schoen, spread via Native Seeds/SEARCH, famous for translucent rainbow kernels after a 2012 viral photo.
Glechoma
Glechoma (Lamiaceae) is a genus of stoloniferous perennial herbs native to temperate Eurasia, with four to eight species including ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), a tetraploid (2n=36) lawn weed introduced to North America.
Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea, ground ivy or creeping Charlie, is a creeping perennial mint native to Europe and Siberia, introduced to North America by 1672, toxic to horses, and a hard-to-control lawn weed.
Gleditsia
Gleditsia (locusts, honeylocusts) is a genus of 13 accepted spiny deciduous legume trees in Fabaceae, native to Asia, North and South America; honey locust G. triacanthos is widely cultivated.
Gleicheniaceae
Gleicheniaceae, the forking ferns (Chinese li bai ke, 里白科), is a pantropical leptosporangiate fern family of about 157 species in eight genera, defined by pseudodichotomous fronds, exindusiate sori, and a fossil record reaching the Palaeozoic.
Gliricidia
Gliricidia (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae genus of five species native from Mexico to Peru; G. sepium is a nitrogen-fixing agroforestry tree used as green manure, fodder, and living fence across the tropics.
Gliricidia sepium
Gliricidia sepium (quickstick, madre de cacao) is a Fabaceae tree native from Mexico to Colombia, planted pantropically for fodder, green manure, shade, living fences, and fuelwood; toxic to rodents, IUCN least concern.
Gloriosa
Gloriosa (flame lily, glory lily, climbing lily) is a genus of Colchicaceae herbs from Africa and Asia with tendril-tipped leaves and reflexed red-yellow flowers; G. superba yields colchicine but is lethally toxic.
Glossary of leaf morphology
Glossary of leaf morphology is the set of technical terms botanists use to describe a leaf's shape, tip, base, margin, venation, and arrangement in plant descriptions and taxonomy.
Glossopteris
Glossopteris, an extinct Permian seed-fern genus of Gondwana with reticulate-veined strap leaves, heavy seeds, and coal-swamp habitat; key fossil evidence for continental drift, extinct by the Triassic.
Glutinous rice
Glutinous rice (waxy or sticky rice, 糯稻) is Oryza sativa with nearly all-amylopectin starch from a wx allele mutation that arose once in Southeast Asia; it is the staple of Laos and northern and northeastern Thailand.
Glycine tabacina
Glycine tabacina (Variable Glycine), a perennial Fabaceae herb and wild soybean relative native from southern China and East Asia to Australia and the western Pacific; diploid B2B2 genome, 2n=40, with an allotetraploid complex and multiple polyploid origins.
Glycyrrhiza
Glycyrrhiza (licorice) is a Fabaceae genus of perennial herbs, mainly G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata, whose sweet roots contain glycyrrhizin, a 11β-HSD2 inhibitor causing pseudohyperaldosteronism at high intakes.
Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice, licorice, sweet root, gan cao) is a Fabaceae perennial herb native from the central Mediterranean to Mongolia and Pakistan, cultivated for rhizomes containing glycyrrhizin, 50 times sweeter than sugar, used in confectionery, medicine, and tobacco, with hypertension risk from excess intake.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis
Glycyrrhiza uralensis (gan cao, Chinese licorice) is a perennial Fabaceae herb native from eastern European Russia to Siberia and Pakistan, whose dried root and rhizome are a core traditional Chinese medicine containing glycyrrhizin.
Glyptostrobus europaeus
Glyptostrobus europaeus (Taxodium europaeum Brongniart 1833) is a fossil swamp cypress of Neogene Europe, a form species matching extant Glyptostrobus pensilis, known from Miocene Alonnisos, Greece, and widespread European swamp forests.