4,295 articles
Glyptostrobus pensilis
Glyptostrobus pensilis (水松, Chinese swamp cypress, Mai Hing Sam) is the sole living species of its genus, a semi-aquatic Cupressaceae conifer of southern China, Laos, and Vietnam, IUCN Critically Endangered with few hundred wild trees, pneumatophores, and a Cretaceous-to-Pleistocene fossil record.
GMCGC herbarium
GMCGC is the Index Herbariorum code for the Goshen College herbarium in Goshen, Indiana, registered with 6,589 specimens and known for the Gleason Moss Collection of about 10,000 moss species donated in the early 1990s.
Gmelina arborea
Gmelina arborea (gamhar, yemane, white teak), Lamiaceae tree native Pakistan to southern China and Indo-China; fast-growing tropical plantation timber comparable to spruce, also pulp, fuel, and Ayurvedic medicine; IUCN Least Concern.
Gnaphalium
Gnaphalium (cudweed) is a woolly herbaceous genus of daisies (Asteraceae, tribe Gnaphalieae) published by Linnaeus in 1753, with about 36 accepted species in the strict sense, a temperate and subtropical worldwide range, and documented medicinal and food uses.
Gnaphalium uliginosum
Gnaphalium uliginosum (marsh cudweed, low cudweed, 湿生鼠麴草) is a woolly annual Asteraceae herb of damp temperate Northern Hemisphere habitats; lectotype of Gnaphalium, used in Russian and Balkan traditional medicine.
Gnetophyta
Gnetales: gymnosperm order with three living genera, Ephedra, Welwitschia, and Gnetum; once placed near angiosperms (anthophyte hypothesis), now resolved as sister to Pinaceae (Gnepine).
Gnetum
Gnetum is a genus of about 44 tropical gymnosperm species, mostly evergreen lianas with broad, net-veined leaves, found across tropical Asia, Africa, Fiji, and northern South America.
Gnetum africanum
Gnetum africanum (eru, okok, afang) is a dioecious gymnosperm liana of Central African forests, first described by Welwitsch in 1869, whose leaves are a major traded vegetable; IUCN Near Threatened, with growing domestication in Cameroon and Nigeria.
Gnetum gnemon
Gnetum gnemon (melinjo, belinjau, bago) is a dioecious gymnosperm tree of Gnetaceae native from Tibet and Assam to Fiji, cultivated in Southeast Asia for emping seed crackers, edible leaves, and inner-bark fibre; Least Concern globally.
Goji
Goji (枸杞, Gouqi Zi), the berry of Lycium barbarum and L. chinense (Solanaceae), is a Chinese medicinal and functional food; ~90% of commercial goji is L. barbarum, rich in polysaccharides and zeaxanthin.
Golden Delicious
Golden Delicious is a yellow apple cultivar from a chance seedling found in Clay County, West Virginia, bought and named by Stark Bro's in 1914; unrelated to Red Delicious, it is the EU's largest apple variety and parent of Gala, Jonagold, and Pink Lady.
Golden Promise
Golden Promise is a British spring malting barley, a gamma-ray mutant of Maythorpe bred by Miln Marsters, dominant in Scotland in the 1970s, famed for Scotch whisky malt, and the reference genotype for barley transformation.
Golden rice
Golden Rice (Malusog Rice in the Philippines) is a genetically modified rice producing beta-carotene in the grain, developed by Potrykus and Beyer to combat vitamin A deficiency; approved in the Philippines in 2021 but blocked by a 2024 court ruling.
Goldenrod
Goldenrod (Solidago) is a genus of about 138 species of yellow-flowered perennial herbs in Asteraceae, mostly native to North America; blamed for hay fever but insect-pollinated, unlike ragweed.
Goldenseal
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis, yellow root) is a North American woodland perennial with a yellow rhizone harvested for berberine and hydrastine; no proven health benefits, drug interactions, CITES Appendix II, IUCN Vulnerable.
Gomphonema
Gomphonema is a large, abundant genus of freshwater diatoms of single-celled algae. Described by Ehrenberg in 1832, it has silica cell walls shaped like a wedge or club.
Gomphrena
Gomphrena (globe amaranth) is a genus of about 100-144 Amaranthaceae herbs, type species G. globosa, native from the Americas to Australia, C4, polyphyletic per phylogenomics, grown as ornamental cut and dried flowers.
Gongora
Gongora Ruiz & Pav. (1794) is a Neotropical orchid genus (Stanhopeinae) of epiphytes with pendent inflorescences, pollinated only by male euglossine bees; about 55-81 species from Mexico to South America and Trinidad.
Gongura
Gongura (puntikura, pulichakeerai, sougri) is the sour leaf of Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), also attributed to H. sabdariffa (roselle), a leafy green of Andhra, Telangana and northeastern India; top-ranked for iron (7.65–9.56 mg/100 g), base of gongura pachadi.
Gooseberry
Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa), a thorny Ribes shrub of Eurasia and North Africa grown for tart green, red, white, or yellow berries; cultivated in England since 1276, famous for 19th-century gooseberry clubs and the American mildew collapse.
Gordita
Gordita ("little fat one"), Mexican thick nixtamalized corn-masa cake, cooked on a comal or fried, split and filled after cooking; distinct from pupusa (filled before) and arepa; also a Taco Bell item since 1998.
Gossypium
Gossypium (cotton genus), Malvaceae tribe Gossypieae; 20–50 tropical species, four independently domesticated; G. hirsutum and G. barbadense supply ~98% of world cotton fiber.
Gossypium arboreum
Gossypium arboreum (tree cotton, Desi cotton), A2-genome diploid cotton native to India and Sri Lanka, domesticated in the Indus Valley before 6000 BC; genome 1,746 Mb, short 1.3–1.5 cm fibers, independently domesticated from G. herbaceum.
Gossypium barbadense
Gossypium barbadense, Sea Island, Egyptian, or Pima cotton, is a South American shrub domesticated near Guayaquil about 8,000 years ago, grown for extra-long-staple fiber longer, finer, and stronger than Upland cotton but lower yielding.
Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutum, upland cotton, is the tetraploid species behind over 90% of world cotton, domesticated about 5,500 years ago on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula from wild perennial ancestors.
Gourd
Gourd: hard-shelled Cucurbitaceae fruits, mainly Cucurbita and Lagenaria (bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria). Among the oldest domesticated plants, used as containers, utensils, instruments; bitter fruits contain toxic cucurbitacins.
Graft-chimaera
Graft-chimaera: a plant with genetically distinct tissues from two graft partners, also called graft chimera. Adam's laburnum (+Laburnocytisus adami, 1825) is the classic example; Winkler produced the first artificial ones in 1907.
Grain
Grain: edible seed of cereal grasses (wheat, rice, maize, barley, sorghum, oats, millet, rye), a caryopsis fruit of bran, endosperm, and germ. Staple food and feed crop; 2026 world cereal output forecast at 2,979 million tonnes.
Grammitidoideae
Grammitidoideae, formerly treated as the family Grammitidaceae, is a subfamily of Polypodiaceae of small mostly epiphytic ferns of tropical montane forests, with about 911 species in 33 genera.
Grammitis
Grammitis Sw. (1801) is a fern genus in Polypodiaceae, type species G. marginella; strict-sense Grammitis has black leaf margins and occurs in the Americas, Africa, and Western Indian Ocean islands, while broad-sense treatments list hundreds of species now split into new genera.