4,295 articles
Granny Smith
Granny Smith: bright-green, tart apple cultivar from an 1868 chance seedling found by Maria Ann Smith at Ryde, Sydney; late-maturing, high-acid, long-storing, prone to scald, a top US and EU variety.
Grape
Grape, fruit of Vitis vinifera (grapevine), a climbing vine eaten fresh, dried as raisins, or made into wine and juice; 77.7 million t of fresh grapes in 2024, led by China, Italy, and the USA, with Near East domestication origin.
Grape cane tannins
Grape cane tannins: polyphenols and stilbenoids (resveratrol, viniferins) extracted from pruned grapevine canes, studied as natural antifungals against downy mildew and apple scab, insecticides, biostimulants, and antioxidants; not EU-approved as a basic substance.
Grape syrup
Grape syrup, also called pekmez, petimezi, dibs, saba, or arrope, is a molasses-like sweetener made by boiling down unfermented grape juice, typically 65–80% soluble solids, with Roman roots (defrutum, sapa) and codex limits on its fructose/glucose ratio.
Grapefruit
Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi), a pummelo-sweet orange hybrid first described in Barbados in 1750, is a subtropical citrus whose juice blocks intestinal CYP3A4 and interacts with many oral medications; global production is about 7 million tons.
Grass
Grass, also known as the grasses, is the flowering plant family Poaceae (Gramineae), with about 760 genera and 12,000 species worldwide, including the staple crops wheat, rice, and maize.
Green algae
Green algae: photosynthetic Chlorophyta and streptophyte algae of Viridiplantae with chlorophyll a and b, over a billion years old, and the streptophyte lineage ancestral to all land plants.
Green bean
Green bean (snap bean, string bean, haricot vert) is the immature pod of Phaseolus vulgaris, a crop domesticated twice in the Americas. Bush, pole, and half-runner types; 45-60 day harvest; 31 kcal/100 g; lectins destroyed by boiling.
Greengage
Greengage: a small, round, greenish-yellow sweet plum of Prunus domestica, also called Reine Claude after Queen Claude of France; named in English after Sir William Gage, who imported trees from France around 1725.
Grevillea
Grevillea is a genus of about 360 to 400 species of shrubs and trees in the Proteaceae family, nearly all endemic to Australia and grown for their bird-attracting flowers.
Grevillea cultivars
Grevillea cultivars are named garden forms of the Australian genus Grevillea that must be propagated by cuttings or grafting, since seed does not come true.
Grewia
Grewia is a genus of Malvaceae shrubs and small trees of the tropical Old World, named for Nehemiah Grew; about 276 accepted species, including phalsa (Grewia asiatica), yield edible fruit, fiber, and medicinal phytochemicals.
Grex (horticulture)
Grex (gx, plural grexes) is the parentage-based name for all offspring of a specific orchid hybrid cross, including its reciprocal; registered with the RHS International Orchid Register, begun with Calanthe Dominii in 1858, distinct from cultivar and Group ranks.
Grimmiales
Grimmiales is an order of acrocarpous mosses within the Dicranidae, named for the genus Grimmia, including grimmias, bent-mosses, pincushions, and rock-bristles defined by a single-rank peristome of 16 teeth.
Grits
Grits: coarsely ground corn, usually dent corn or nixtamalized hominy, boiled into porridge; a staple of Southern U.S. cuisine with Indigenous, African American, and European roots, known for shrimp and grits and distinguished from Italian polenta.
Groat (grain)
Groat (grain): the hulled kernel of cereal grains such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley, retaining bran, germ, and endosperm. Oat groats yield steel-cut, rolled, and Scottish oats; less processing means longer cooking and lower glycemic index.
Ground tissue
Ground tissue (fundamental tissue system) is the non-dermal, non-vascular tissue of vascular plants, made of parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma; it fills space between dermal and vascular tissues and performs photosynthesis, storage, and support.
Grove (nature)
Grove (nature): a small group of trees, wild or planted, distinct from a forest by extent and lack of undergrowth; also sacred groves protected by religion worldwide.
Guadua
Guadua is a genus of thorny, clumping, woody bamboo native from Mexico to southern tropical America and Trinidad, best known through Guadua angustifolia, the timber bamboo used in regulated construction in Colombia and Ecuador.
Guadua angustifolia
Guadua angustifolia, known as Colombian timber bamboo or simply guadua, is a large thorny bamboo native to South America and its most important timber bamboo.
Guajillo chili
Guajillo chili, the dried mirasol pepper (Capsicum annuum), is Mexico's second most used dried chile after the ancho: tangy, fruity, bright red, 2,500–5,000 SHU, used in salsas, adobos, birria, and tamales.
Guar (ग्वार)
Guar (ग्वार), also called clusterbean or guar bean, is an annual legume grown chiefly in India for guar gum from its seeds, used in food, oil drilling, and hydraulic fracturing.
Guard cell
Guard cells are paired epidermal cells flanking each stomatal pore; they open and close stomata via turgor changes driven by ion transport, ABA, light, and CO2 signaling, kidney-shaped in dicots, dumbbell-shaped in grasses.
Guarea
Guarea (F.Allam. ex L., nom. cons., 1771) is a Neotropical genus of Meliaceae trees, second largest American mahogany genus after Trichilia, with about 70 species from Mexico to Argentina, terminal-bud leaves, bird-dispersed sarcotestate seeds, and limonoid-rich chemistry.
Guava
Guava (Amrood, Peyara) is a tropical fruit tree of the myrtle family, an evergreen shrub or small tree grown throughout the tropics for its sweet aromatic fruit.
Guazuma
Guazuma is a genus of four Malvaceae tree species native to Mexico and tropical America; its best-known species, G. ulmifolia (mutamba, West Indian elm), provides timber, livestock forage, and medicinal proanthocyanidins.
Guazuma ulmifolia
Guazuma ulmifolia (West Indian elm, bastard cedar, mutamba, guácimo) is a neotropical Malvaceae tree from Mexico to tropical America, a Least Concern multipurpose timber, fodder, fuel, and medicinal species with tannin-rich bark.
Guizotia
Guizotia is an African Asteraceae genus of seven species, including the oilseed crop niger or noug (Guizotia abyssinica), cultivated in Ethiopia and India for linoleic-acid-rich edible oil, birdseed, and animal feed.
Guzmania
Guzmania (Ruiz & Pav.), bromeliad genus in Tillandsioideae, about 215 species of tank epiphytes from Florida and Mexico to Brazil and Peru, mostly cloud forests; type species G. tricolor, named for Anastasio Guzmán.
Gymnadenia
Gymnadenia, including the former genus Nigritella, is a genus of Eurasian terrestrial orchids with about 12 to 30 accepted species, distinguished by spurred flowers, x = 20 chromosomes, and recurrent polyploid radiation.