Life and health

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (juvenile aponeurotic fibroma, Keasbey tumor) is a rare benign, locally aggressive fibroblastic tumor of the hands and feet in children, marked by calcified nodules, FN1-EGF fusion, and about 50% recurrence after excision.

Calcimembrin

Calcimembrin (CLMB, C16orf74, MICT1) is a 76-amino-acid human microprotein that recruits calcineurin (PPP3CA) to membranes via a composite LxVPxIxIT motif, regulates brown-fat thermogenesis, and is a cancer prognostic marker.

Calcinea

Calcinea is a subclass of calcareous sponges (class Calcarea, phylum Porifera) with orders Clathrinida and Murrayonida, defined by coeloblastula larvae, basinucleate choanocytes, and regular triradiate spicules, distinct from Calcaronea.

Calcineurin B-like

Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) are a family of plant calcium-sensor proteins, first identified in Arabidopsis in 1999, that bind calcium and decode stress signals through CBL-interacting protein kinases.

Calciphylaxis

Calciphylaxis (calcific uremic arteriolopathy), a rare disorder of skin vessel calcification causing ischemic necrosis, mainly in dialysis patients; mortality 40-60%, risk factors include warfarin, hyperparathyroidism, diabetes; no proven treatment.

Oct 15, 2026

Calcipotriol

Calcipotriol, known in the United States as calcipotriene, is a synthetic vitamin D3 analog used topically to treat plaque psoriasis, with effects on skin but little impact on calcium metabolism.

Calcitonin

Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino-acid peptide hormone from thyroid C cells, discovered by Copp in 1962, that lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption; used in Paget's disease, hypercalcemia, and osteoporosis.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino-acid neuropeptide from the calcitonin gene (alpha and beta isoforms), is a potent vasodilator whose CLR/RAMP1 receptor is the target of migraine drugs (gepants, monoclonal antibodies).

Calcitonin-like

Calcitonin-like (InterPro IPR021117): the calcitonin peptide family, calcitonin, CGRP, amylin, adrenomedullin, intermedin, structurally related peptides signaling through CTR and CLR GPCRs with RAMPs.

Calcitriol

Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) is the active form of vitamin D, formed by kidney hydroxylation, used as a vitamin D receptor activator to suppress PTH in CKD stages G3b–G5, with noted eGFR and creatinine effects.

Calcium and Integrin-Binding

Calcium and integrin-binding (CIB) proteins: CIB1–CIB4, small EF-hand calcium-binding proteins; CIB1 (calmyrin, KIP) binds platelet integrin αIIbβ3, regulating hemostasis, signaling, cancer, and heart disease.

Calcium ascorbate with threonate

Calcium ascorbate with threonate (Ester-C) is a pH-neutral, buffered vitamin C ingredient; GRAS via FDA GRN 451 (2013) and EFSA-evaluated (up to 2% threonate), with bioavailability comparable to ascorbic acid.

Calcium casein peptone-calcium phosphate

Calcium casein peptone-calcium phosphate (CCP-CP, Recaldent) is a milk-derived casein peptone-calcium phosphate complex, GRAS Notice No. 11 (FDA no questions, 1999), used in Trident gum and GC dental cremes to remineralize tooth enamel.

Calcium channel blocker

Calcium channel blocker (calcium antagonist): drug blocking L-type voltage-gated calcium channels in heart and vascular smooth muscle; classes dihydropyridine and non-dihydropyridine; used for hypertension, angina, arrhythmia; discovered mid-1960s from coronary dilator screening.

Calcium deficiency

Calcium deficiency, also called hypocalcemia when blood calcium falls below 8.5 mg/dL, is low calcium intake or blood level causing neuromuscular irritability, tetany, and bone disease such as osteoporosis, rickets, and osteomalacia; ICD-11 code 5B5K.1.

Calcium glubionate anhydrous

Calcium glubionate anhydrous (calcium gluconogalactogluconate, UNII 3CF7K0SD0Q) is a water-soluble calcium salt of gluconic and lactobionic acids used as an oral syrup and injectable supplement for hypocalcemia, with only 7% elemental calcium by weight.

Calcium gluceptate

Calcium gluceptate, also known by the international nonproprietary name calcium glucoheptonate, is a soluble calcium salt used as a supplement to treat and prevent hypocalcemia.

Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate, the calcium salt of gluconic acid, is an IV and oral calcium replenisher for hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia cardiotoxicity, and hydrofluoric acid burns; first isolated 1880, US approval 1941, safer than calcium chloride peripherally.

Sep 29, 2026

Calcium imaging

Calcium imaging is a fluorescence microscopy technique that measures intracellular calcium dynamics in neurons and other cells, widely used to record brain activity in behaving animals.

Calcium in biology

Calcium in biology: the divalent Ca2+ ion as intracellular messenger, structural material, and enzyme cofactor; on/off signaling via channels, pumps, exchangers, STIM1-Orai1 store-operated entry, IP3, and PTH-calcitriol homeostasis.

Calcium metabolism

Calcium metabolism, also called calcium homeostasis, is how the body keeps blood calcium within a narrow range, regulated by PTH, vitamin D, and bone, kidney, and intestine.

Calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate: family of calcium orthophosphate salts from soluble monocalcium phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2 to hydroxyapatite Ca5(OH)(PO4)3; food additive E 341, fertilizer, bone-repair biomaterial, and non-approved EU rodenticide active substance.

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (CPPD, pseudogout) is crystal arthritis from CPP crystals in joints, mainly in older adults; phenotypes include acute arthritis, chronic arthritis, OA with CPPD, and crowned dens syndrome; no disease-modifying therapy exists.

Calcium release deficiency syndrome

Calcium release deficiency syndrome (CRDS) is a rare autosomal dominant arrhythmia caused by RyR2 loss-of-function variants, causing sudden cardiac death with negative exercise stress tests, distinct from CPVT, with a candidate post-pause T-wave diagnostic test.

Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein

Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, formed by Orai proteins (Orai1-3) and gated by STIM1, mediates store-operated calcium entry in non-excitable cells; a hexamer with extreme Ca2+ selectivity, essential for T cell immunity and targeted by inhibitors such as zegocractin.

Calcium Signaling

Calcium signaling: Ca2+ as a universal intracellular second messenger, using ~100 nM-to-mM gradients, on/off channel-pump cycles, IP3 and store-operated STIM1-Orai1 (CRAC) entry, and Ca2+ sensors like calmodulin to control contraction, secretion, transcription, and cell death.

Calcium-activated chloride channel, N-terminal

CLCA_N (IPR013642, Pfam PF08434) is the N-terminal zincin metalloprotease domain of CLCA proteins, carrying a HEXXHXXXGXXDE motif essential for self-cleavage near amino acid 700, which unmasked N-terminal fragments regulate chloride channels such as TMEM16A.

CALCOCO2

CALCOCO2, also called NDP52 (nuclear dot protein 52), is a 446-amino-acid human selective autophagy receptor on chromosome 17 that bridges ubiquitinated cargo, damaged mitochondria, pathogens, and protein aggregates to autophagosomes, with Crohn-risk Val248Ala and Alzheimer-protective G140E variants.

CALCRL

CALCRL (calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR/CRLR) is a human class B GPCR gene on chromosome 2 that requires RAMP1, RAMP2, or RAMP3 partners to form the CGRP, AM1, and AM2 receptors for CGRP and adrenomedullin.