Life and health

CAN-BIND-1 trial

CAN-BIND-1 (NCT01655706) is a Canadian multisite biomarker trial in major depression: 211 adults received escitalopram 8 weeks, then adjunctive aripiprazole for non-responders, with multimodal MRI, EEG, and blood predictors of response.

Canaan Dog (כלב כנעני)

Canaan Dog (כלב כנעני), Israel's national dog breed, a primitive pariah-type herding and flock-sentry dog defined by Rudolphina Menzel from Negev desert dogs; FCI-recognized 1966, AKC 1997, rare worldwide.

Canachites

Canachites (spruce grouse) is a monotypic grouse genus of North American boreal conifer forests, holding only Canachites canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758); restored from Falcipennis in 2021, with 16 rectrices, a needle diet, and IUCN Least Concern status.

Canada goose

Canada goose (Branta canadensis), also cackling goose split-off, a large black-necked North American goose with a white chinstrap; 11-plus subspecies from 1.4 to 5.0 kg, near-extinct giant subspecies recovered, and abundant resident urban populations.

Canada lynx

Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), also Canadian lynx or lynx du Canada: boreal North American wild cat dependent on snowshoe hares; IUCN Least Concern, threatened in contiguous US, endangered in Nova Scotia.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society

Canadian Cardiovascular Society (Société cardiovasculaire du Canada), founded 1946 as the Canadian Heart Association, renamed 1962; national society of 2,500+ cardiovascular professionals, publisher of the Canadian Journal of Cardiology and CCS guidelines.

Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading of angina pectoris

Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading of angina pectoris, Campeau 1976: a four-class scale (I to IV) grading effort angina severity by the activity level provoking symptoms; widely used in guidelines, with known reproducibility limits.

Canadian Eskimo Dog

The Canadian Eskimo Dog, also called Qimmiq or Canadian Inuit Dog, is a large polar sled dog from the Canadian Arctic, bred by the Inuit for hauling freight and hunting.

Canadian Medical Association

Canadian Medical Association (CMA), founded October 1867 in Quebec City by 164 physicians with Sir Charles Tupper as first president; national physician federation publishing CMAJ and advocating on Canadian health policy.

Sep 29, 2026

Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale

The Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is a five-level triage system used in emergency departments, assigning each patient an acuity level from resuscitation to non-urgent.

Canadian Tulip Festival

The Canadian Tulip Festival, also called Ottawa Tulipfest, is an annual spring festival held each May in Ottawa since 1953, marking the friendship between Canada and the Netherlands.

Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) is the national professional association representing veterinarians in Canada, incorporated by a special Act of Parliament in 1948 and publishing two peer-reviewed journals.

Canagliflozin

Canagliflozin (Invokana) is an SGLT2 inhibitor approved in the US in 2013 for type 2 diabetes, later for cardiovascular and kidney risk reduction; CANVAS and CREDENCE trials established its benefits, and its 2017 amputation boxed warning was removed in 2020.

Canakinumab

Canakinumab (Ilaris) is a human IgG1/κ monoclonal antibody neutralizing interleukin-1 beta, approved since 2009 for CAPS, TRAPS, HIDS/MKD, FMF, Still's disease, and gout flares.

Sep 29, 2026

Canaloplasty

Canaloplasty is a glaucoma operation, first reported in 2007, that catheterizes Schlemm's canal around its full circumference, dilates it, and tensions it with a suture.

Cananga

Cananga is a genus of two fragrant-flowered Annonaceae trees, including Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang), native from tropical Asia to northern Australia and cultivated for ylang-ylang essential oil used in perfumery and food flavoring.

Cananga odorata

Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang, ilang-ilang), an Annonaceae tree native from southern Indo-China to Queensland, grown in tropical plantations for ylang-ylang and cananga essential oils used in perfumery and soap.

Canarina

Canarina is a small genus of flowering plants in the bellflower family, with three species disjunctly distributed between the Canary Islands and the mountains of East Africa.

Canarium

Canarium L. is a genus of about 120 dioecious tropical trees in Burseraceae, native from tropical Africa to the western Pacific; includes pili nut (C. ovatum), canarium nut (C. indicum), and Manila elemi (C. luzonicum), distinct from the mollusc genus Canarium Schumacher, 1817.

Canary seed

Canary seed (Phalaris canariensis), also called alpiste, is a Poaceae cereal long used as birdseed; hairless Canadian varieties approved in 2015-2016 are gluten-free, high-protein (20-22%) human food grain.

Canavalia

Canavalia (jack bean genus), Fabaceae legume genus with 73 accepted species native to the tropics and subtropics; includes Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) and C. gladiata (sword bean), source of concanavalin A and canavanine.

Canavalia ensiformis

Canavalia ensiformis, commonly known as the jack bean, is a tropical legume grown as a cover crop, green manure, and forage; its seeds are protein-rich but toxic unless processed.

Canavan disease

Canavan disease, also called spongy degeneration of the brain or aspartoacylase deficiency, is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy from ASPA mutations causing NAA buildup, macrocephaly, hypotonia, seizures, and shortened lifespan; AAV9 gene therapy trials are recruiting.

Cancer

Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasia, is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and spread, with more than 100 named types.

Cancer borealis

Cancer borealis, the Jonah crab, is a crab in the family Cancridae living on the Atlantic coast of North America, where it supports a commercial fishery.

Cancer cell

Cancer cell: a body cell with genetic or epigenetic changes, also called malignant transformation, that let it grow uncontrollably, evade apoptosis and immunity, and metastasize; defined by driver genes, hallmarks, and clonal evolution.

Cancer discovery

Cancer Discovery is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Association for Cancer Research in Philadelphia since 2011, covering basic, translational, and clinical cancer research.

Cancer epidemiology

Cancer epidemiology, the study of cancer causes, prevention, screening, survivorship, and population trends using observational and registry data; anchored by journals Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention (AACR) and Cancer Epidemiology (Elsevier, ISSN 1877-7821).

Cancer gene therapy

Cancer gene therapy: transferring genetic material to treat cancer via tumor suppressor replacement, antisense oncogene blocking, immunogenicity enhancement, CAR-T cells, and viral vectors; distinct from the journal Cancer Gene Therapy.