72,234 articles
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy: treatments that harness the immune system against tumors, chiefly checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4), CAR-T cells, bispecifics, and vaccines; ~20-30% metastatic response rates, durable remissions, immune-related toxicities.
Cancer in cats
Cancer in cats (feline neoplasia) covers malignant tumors of domestic cats, led by fibrosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and lymphoma; over 80% of registered feline tumors are malignant, and feline cancers increasingly serve human comparative oncology.
Cancer in dogs
Cancer in dogs (canine oncology): leading cause of death, affecting ~1 in 4 to 1 in 3 dogs and half of dogs over 10. Covers lymphoma, osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumors; breed genetics, staging, treatment, and 2025 immunotherapy approvals.
Cancer Institute (WIA)
Cancer Institute (WIA), or Adyar Cancer Institute, is a charitable cancer hospital in Adyar, Chennai, founded in 1954 by Muthulakshmi Reddy; first comprehensive cancer center in South India, with 675+ beds and the Tamil Nadu Cancer Registry.
Cancer of unknown primary site
Cancer of unknown primary site (CUP, carcinoma of unknown primary, occult primary tumor) is metastatic cancer whose origin remains unidentified after a full diagnostic workup; about 1-5% of cancers, poor prognosis, treated empirically or by molecular profiling.
Cancer pagurus
Cancer pagurus, the edible or brown crab, a large cancrid crab of the northeast Atlantic from Morocco to Norway, common at 6–40 m, supporting Europe's most important edible crab fishery, worth ~£37M in the UK in 2020.
Cancer prevention research
Cancer Prevention Research (CaPR), ISSN 1940-6207, is a monthly peer-reviewed journal published by the American Association for Cancer Research since 2008, covering cancer prevention, early detection, and interception research.
Cancer research
Cancer research: the scientific study of cancer's biology, prevention, detection, and treatment. Also the flagship AACR journal Cancer Research (ISSN 0008-5472), launched 1941, continuing The American Journal of Cancer.
Cancer risk
Cancer risk: the probability of developing or dying from cancer over a defined period, expressed as absolute or relative risk. Covers risk factors, IARC hazard classification, Gail-model risk tools, and risk communication.
Cancer staging
Cancer staging, chiefly the UICC/AJCC TNM system (Tumor, Nodes, Metastases), classifies cancer extent by primary tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis; developed by Pierre Denoix 1943–1952, now in its 9th edition effective 1 January 2026.
Cancer stem cell
Cancer stem cell (CSC), also called tumor-initiating cell: a self-renewing tumor cell that initiates and regrows tumors. First identified in AML (CD34+CD38−, Dick, 1994); drives resistance, relapse, metastasis; Wnt/Notch/Hedgehog pathways; plastic, niche-regulated.
Cancer vaccine
Cancer vaccine: immunization against cancer, either preventive (HPV vaccines such as Gardasil 9) or therapeutic (sipuleucel-T, T-VEC, personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccines like intismeran/V940), distinguished from infectious-disease vaccines by targeting tumor antigens.
Cancer-associated long non-coding RNAs
Cancer-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts linked to cancer initiation, progression, drug response, or patient outcome; thousands of associations are reported, but only one FDA-approved diagnostic exists.
Cancer-associated retinopathy
Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder in which antibodies against retinal proteins cause sudden, usually bilateral vision loss, often before the underlying cancer is found.
Cancer-treatment-related lymphedema
Cancer-treatment-related lymphedema is chronic limb or trunk swelling caused by cancer treatment, especially lymph node surgery and radiation, affecting about 1 in 5 breast cancer patients.
Cancer. cytopathology
Cancer Cytopathology is an American Cancer Society peer-reviewed cytopathology journal, first issued 27 February 1997 as a section of Cancer and independent since volume 118 (2010); edited by William C. Faquin, IF 2.9, highest-ranked cytopathology journal.
CanCOLD study
CanCOLD (Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease) is a longitudinal, population-based COPD cohort following about 1,500 Canadians aged 40+ at nine sites since 2009, descended from BOLD/COLD, with over 60 sub-studies.
Candanabalalaksadi Taila
Candana Bala Taila (Chandana Balalakshadi Taila) is a classical Ayurvedic medicated sesame oil from Yogaratnakara's fever chapter, combining sandalwood, bala (Sida cordifolia), and laksha; used externally in fever and childhood muscular weakness, listed in the AFI.
Candanadi Curna
Candanadi Cirna (Candanādi Cūrṇa, चन्दनादि चूर्ण), also Chandanadi churna, is an official Ayurvedic Formulary of India Part I 7:9 sandalwood-based powder with Lauha-bhasma, used classically for prameha, cough, chronic fever, hemorrhoids, and jaundice.
Candanadi Lauha
Candanadi Lauha (Candanādi Lauha, चन्दनादि लौह), also Candanadya Lauha, is an Ayurvedic herbomineral iron formula (AFI 21:1, Bhaishajya Ratnavali) of twelve herbs plus Lauha bhasma, dosed 250-500 mg, chiefly for recurrent intermittent fever.
Candanadi Taila
Candanadi Taila (Chandanadi Thailam) is a sandalwood-based Ayurvedic medicated oil from Bhaishajya Ratnavali 14/292-295, used for head massage, Pitta-cooling skin care, and menopausal heat rushes; distinct from Candanadi Vati pills.
Candanasava
Candanasava (Chandanasava), an Ayurvedic fermented asava of sandalwood (Santalum album) with 24 other herbs, sugar, and jaggery; AFI-listed, dosed 12-24 ml for dysuria, shukrameha, and heart disease; reaches 9.8% alcohol in 30 days.
Candesartan
Candesartan (Atacand, candesartan cilexetil) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker approved in 1998 for hypertension and heart failure; selective AT1 blocker dosed 8–32 mg once daily.
Candicidin
Candicidin, also known as levorin or ascosin (same major components), is a polyene aromatic heptaene antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces griseus that binds ergosterol; formerly used vaginally against candidiasis.
Càndid Villanueva
Càndid Villanueva is a Spanish hepatologist and gastroenterologist who heads the Gastrointestinal Bleeding Unit at Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona and led landmark New England Journal of Medicine trials.
Candida (fungus)
Candida (fungus): yeast genus named by Berkhout in 1923 (Latin candidus, glowing white); commensal on human skin and mucosa; causes candidiasis, candidemia; C. albicans dominant; biofilms drive antifungal resistance; C. auris now Candidozyma auris.
Candida (genus)
Candida is a genus of budding yeasts named by Berkhout in 1923, once holding over 400 species and now narrowed to Candida albicans and its closest relatives.
Candida albicans
Candida albicans, a diploid ascomycetous yeast and WHO critical-priority fungal pathogen, is a human commensal that turns opportunistic, causing thrush, vaginal candidiasis, and candidemia via hyphal invasion and drug-resistant biofilms.
Candida auris
Candida auris (Candidozyma auris) is a multidrug-resistant yeast first identified in Japan in 2009 that causes invasive infections, spreads in healthcare settings, and is a WHO critical-priority fungal pathogen with rising US case counts.
Candida balanoposthitis
Candida balanoposthitis, also called candidal balanitis, is Candida albicans infection inflaming the glans penis and foreskin of uncircumcised men; treated with clotrimazole or miconazole cream, linked to diabetes and older age.