72,234 articles
Carcinosarcoma of the cervix uteri
Carcinosarcoma of the cervix uteri, or cervical carcinosarcoma, is a rare, aggressive cervical cancer with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, accounting for less than 1% of cervical cancers.
Carcinosarcoma of the corpus uteri
Uterine carcinosarcoma, formerly malignant mixed Müllerian tumor (MMMT), is a rare aggressive biphasic uterine cancer with malignant epithelial and sarcoma components, TP53-mutated, treated by surgical staging plus carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy, with poor survival.
Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda
Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, the mangrove horseshoe crab (Southeast Asian horseshoe crab), the sole species of its genus and one of four living Limulidae; mangrove- and estuary-bound Asian horseshoe crab with IUCN Data Deficient status, a 1.7 Gb genome, and cryptic population structure.
Carcinus maenas
Carcinus maenas, the European green crab or shore crab, is a portunid crab native to Atlantic Europe and North Africa, now among the IUCN's 100 worst invasive species, preying on bivalves and competing with native crabs on every temperate continent.
CARD domain
CARD (caspase recruitment domain) is a ~90-amino-acid, six-helix protein interaction module of the death domain superfamily, mediating apoptosome, inflammasome, and CBM signalosome assembly; distinct from DD, DED, and PYD domains.
CarD, C-terminal domain
The CarD C-terminal domain (CarD-CTD), also called the DNA-binding domain, is the all-alpha-helical domain at residues 67–162 of mycobacterial CarD, which wedges tryptophan W85 into promoter DNA to stabilize the transcription bubble.
CARD9
CARD9 (caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9) is an immune adaptor protein in the Syk/CARD9/CBM (CARD9-BCL10-MALT1) pathway activating NF-κB and MAPK; its inherited deficiency causes autosomal recessive susceptibility to deep dermatophytosis and Candida meningoencephalitis.
Cardamine
Cardamine (bittercress, toothwort) is a Brassicaceae genus of about 264 accepted species published by Linnaeus in 1753, type species C. pratensis, with explosive siliques, heavy polyploidy, and model species such as C. hirsuta.
CARDIA study
CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), NCT00005130, is an NHLBI-funded prospective cohort of 5,115 Black and White adults aged 18-30 recruited 1985-1986 in four US cities, followed over 35 years for cardiovascular risk factor development.
Cardiac action potential
The cardiac action potential is the electrical voltage change across a heart muscle cell membrane, triggered by ion channels, that causes contraction and spreads the heartbeat.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), also called transplant coronary artery disease, is accelerated diffuse coronary disease of the transplanted heart; it affects about 8% of recipients at 1 year and 47% at 10 years and is a leading cause of late graft failure.
Cardiac amyloidosis
Cardiac amyloidosis: infiltrative cardiomyopathy from misfolded protein deposits, mainly AL (light chain) and ATTR (transthyretin, wild-type or hereditary) types. Diagnosed by monoclonal protein screen plus bone scintigraphy; treated with chemotherapy for AL and TTR stabilizers or silencers for ATTR.
Cardiac angiography
Cardiac angiography is an invasive imaging method in which contrast dye is injected into the heart's chambers or coronary arteries and X-ray fluoroscopy records the anatomy in motion.
Cardiac anomalies-short stature-joint hypermobility-facial dysmorphism syndrome
Cardiac anomalies-short stature-joint hypermobility-facial dysmorphism syndrome, also called TAB2-related syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder caused by loss of one working copy of the TAB2 gene, featuring heart defects, short stature, and joint hypermobility.
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest: abrupt loss of heart function from an electrical malfunction, distinct from a heart attack; about 350,000 U.S. out-of-hospital cases yearly, roughly 10.5% survival, treated with CPR and defibrillation.
Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial
Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST): NHLBI placebo-controlled trial of encainide, flecainide, and moricizine for post-MI ventricular ectopy; drugs suppressed PVCs but increased mortality, halting the trial in 1989 and 1991.
Cardiac arrhythmias in the neonate
Cardiac arrhythmias in the neonate (ICD-11 KB41) are rhythm disturbances in the first 28 days of life, occurring in 1%–5% of newborns; mostly benign, with SVT the main pathological tachycardia.
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is an invasive procedure threading a catheter from the arm, groin, or neck to the heart to measure pressures, image coronary arteries, and deliver treatments like angioplasty; over 1 million are done yearly in the US, and its pioneers won the 1956 Nobel Prize.
Cardiac Catheters
Cardiac catheters are thin flexible tubes passed through arm, groin, or neck vessels into the heart to measure pressures, image coronary arteries, and deliver stents, valves, or ablation; types include right-heart venous balloon-tipped and left-heart arterial catheters, first used by Forssmann in 1929.
Cardiac computed tomography
Cardiac computed tomography (CCT) uses X-ray CT to visualize the heart and coronary arteries, most commonly as coronary CT angiography to rule out obstructive coronary artery disease.
Cardiac conduction
Cardiac conduction is the heart's electrical conduction system: sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, His bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers, which initiate and coordinate roughly 3 billion heartbeats over a lifetime.
Cardiac conduction system
Cardiac conduction system: the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers that initiate and spread the heartbeat; discovered in reverse order (Purkinje 1839 to sinus node 1907) and now targeted by conduction system pacing.
Cardiac conduction system development
Cardiac conduction system development is the embryonic formation of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, His bundle, and Purkinje fibers, the specialized cells that initiate and coordinate the heartbeat.
Cardiac contractility modulation
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM), Optimizer Smart device, is a heart failure device therapy delivering non-excitatory high-voltage impulses during the cardiac refractory period to improve contractility in symptomatic HFrEF patients with narrow QRS ineligible for CRT.
Cardiac cycle
Cardiac cycle: the sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation from one heartbeat to the next, divided by valve events into systole and diastole, with phases, pressures, volumes, ECG timing, heart sounds, and the Wiggers diagram.
Cardiac diverticulum
A cardiac diverticulum is a rare congenital outpouching from a heart chamber, most often the left ventricle, that contains all wall layers and contracts synchronously.
Cardiac Electrophysiologic Techniques
Cardiac electrophysiologic techniques trigger and record the heart's electrical activity at specific sites to diagnose and treat rhythm disorders, using electrode catheters for pacing, programmed stimulation, and mapping before ablation.
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling) links cardiomyocyte depolarization to contraction via calcium-induced calcium release: L-type Ca²⁺ entry triggers RyR2 SR release at dyads, then SERCA2a and NCX remove Ca²⁺ for relaxation.
Cardiac glycoside
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain) are Na+/K+-ATPase-inhibiting steroids from foxglove, oleander, and toads that raise cardiac contractility; used for atrial fibrillation rate control and HFrEF symptoms, with narrow therapeutic index and mortality-neutral randomized evidence.
Cardiac imaging and diagnostics
Cardiac imaging and diagnostics is the set of tests that produce pictures or functional measurements of the heart, including echocardiography, cardiac MRI, nuclear perfusion imaging, and coronary CT angiography.