72,234 articles
Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques
Cardiac-gated imaging techniques synchronize CT or MRI acquisition to the ECG, targeting quiet cardiac phases. Prospective triggering cuts radiation dose roughly threefold versus retrospective gating but requires low, stable heart rates.
Cardiac-urogenital syndrome
Cardiac-urogenital syndrome (MYRF-CUGS, OMIM 618280) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder from MYRF variants, causing genital anomalies, congenital heart defects (scimitar syndrome), nanophthalmos, and diaphragmatic hernia; over 60 cases reported.
Cardiac-valvular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Cardiac-valvular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cvEDS), an ultra-rare autosomal recessive EDS type from biallelic COL1A2 null variants eliminating the proα2(I) chain, causing severe mitral/aortic valve disease, skin hyperextensibility, and joint hypermobility; OMIM 225320.
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Cardigan Welsh Corgi: the older, tailed Welsh Corgi breed from Cardiganshire, Wales, a Teckel-descended cattle drover with rounded ears, 25-38 lb build, blue merle and brindle coats, distinct from the bobtailed Pembroke since 1934.
Cardinal Health
Cardinal Health (NYSE: CAH), Dublin, Ohio healthcare distributor founded 1971 by Robert Walter; one of the Big Three US drug distributors with McKesson and Cencora; five operating segments, $63.7B Q4 FY2026 revenue, $26 billion opioid settlement participant.
Cardinalidae
Cardinalidae, the cardinals, grosbeaks, and buntings, is a New World passerine family in Emberizoidea, sister to Thraupidae, with 14 genera and 52 species in five major clades that diverged in the mid-Pliocene.
Cardinalis
Cardinalis (Bonaparte, 1838) is a genus of crested Cardinalidae songbirds with three species: northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), vermilion cardinal, and pyrrhuloxia; ICZN Opinion 784 validated the name.
Cardio Ankle Vascular Index
Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI): a blood pressure-independent index of arterial stiffness from the aortic origin to the ankle, measured with the VaSera device; normal below 8.0, developed in 2004 from stiffness parameter beta and Bramwell-Hill equation.
Cardio-obstetrics
Cardio-obstetrics is an interdisciplinary field managing cardiovascular disease in women from preconception through postpartum. It addresses this vital need given CVD accounts for over 33% of US pregnancy-related deaths.
Cardio-oncology
Cardio-oncology is a cardiology subspecialty devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cardiovascular disease caused by cancer treatment, weighing each therapy's cardiac toxicity against its oncological benefit.
Cardiocyte
Cardiocyte, synonym heart cell, is the term for any cell located in the heart, covering muscle cells as well as non-muscle cells such as endothelial cells.
Cardioembolic stroke
Cardioembolic stroke is an ischemic stroke caused by a clot that forms in or passes through the heart and blocks a cerebral artery, most often from atrial fibrillation.
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome
Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder of the RAS/MAPK pathway affecting the heart, face, and skin, with usually moderate to severe developmental delay.
Cardiogenesis
Cardiogenesis is the formation of the embryonic heart: BMP, WNT, and NODAL signals induce MESP1 cardiac progenitors, which form the cardiac crescent, heart tube, and chambers via FHF and SHF lineages; defects cause congenital heart disease.
Cardiogenetic evaluation and cascade screening for inherited arrhythmias
Cardiogenetic evaluation is the structured clinical and genetic assessment of a person with a suspected inherited arrhythmia, followed by cascade testing of relatives once a pathogenic variant is confirmed.
Cardiogenic shock
Cardiogenic shock is life-threatening end-organ hypoperfusion from primary cardiac dysfunction, staged A-E by the SCAI classification. Incidence 3-10% of AMI, mortality 40-50%; culprit-vessel revascularization improves survival, while IABP and routine VA-ECMO do not.
Cardiola
Cardiola (Broderip, 1839) is an extinct Silurian bivalve genus of the family Cardiolidae, a semi-infaunal to epibyssate suspension feeder of cephalopod limestone biofacies, namesake of the Cardiola Formation and Cardiola Community Group.
Cardiolipin
Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol), the dimeric phospholipid specific to mitochondrial inner membranes; synthesized via CDP-DAG pathway, remodeled by tafazzin; TAZ mutations cause Barth syndrome.
Cardiolipin synthase B
Cardiolipin synthase B (ClsB, gene clsB, formerly ybhO) is an E. coli phospholipase D-type enzyme that makes cardiolipin from two phosphatidylglycerol molecules and also converts PE plus glycerol into PG and exchanges phospholipid headgroups.
Cardiologists
Cardiologists, heart and blood vessel specialist physicians (cardiovascular disease specialists), diagnose and treat heart disease using ECG, echocardiography, and angiography; U.S. hospital employment rose from 26% to 63% between 2008 and 2019.
Cardiologists by nationality
Cardiologists by nationality examines how eminence in cardiovascular medicine clusters by country, from the specialty's founding in 1895–1905 through national schools, Nobel recognition, and today's workforce density.
Cardiology
Cardiology: medical specialty of the heart and vascular system, covering coronary disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, congenital defects, and prevention. Key facts: Einthoven's 1902 ECG, Forssmann's 1929 catheterization, 46.3% of U.S. counties lacking cardiologists.
Cardiology in Review
Cardiology in Review (Cardiol Rev) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed cardiology review journal founded in 1993 by Williams & Wilkins, now online-only under Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; ISSN 1061-5377, PubMed-indexed since 1999, Q2 impact factor.
Cardiology subspecialties
Cardiology subspecialties are formally defined divisions of cardiovascular medicine in which physicians train beyond general cardiology, including interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and advanced heart failure, often with separate board certification.
Cardiomegaly
Cardiomegaly, an enlarged heart, is defined as a cardiothoracic ratio of 50% or more on a PA chest radiograph or CT. It signals underlying causes such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy, but the CTR cutpoint has limited accuracy versus cardiac MRI.
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy, heart muscle disease, includes dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic, takotsubo, and peripartum types; causes heart failure and arrhythmias; diagnosed mainly by echocardiography.
Cardiomyoplasty
Cardiomyoplasty (dynamic cardiomyoplasty): surgery wrapping stimulated latissimus dorsi muscle around the failing heart, first performed 1985 in Paris by Carpentier and Chachques; improved symptoms but was abandoned for inconsistent hemodynamic benefit.
Cardioplegia
Cardioplegia: drug-induced, reversible cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery using high-potassium solutions (St. Thomas, blood 4:1, del Nido, HTK), delivered ante- or retrograde for myocardial protection.
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Cardiopulmonary bypass, also known as artificial perfusion or the heart-lung machine, temporarily takes over the work of a patient's heart and lungs during open-heart surgery.
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) measures oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation, ECG, and blood pressure during exercise, and is the gold standard for evaluating causes of exercise intolerance.