Life and health

Cellulomonas

Cellulomonas (Bergey et al. 1923), a genus of high G+C Gram-positive Actinomycetota in Cellulomonadaceae; cellulose-degrading facultative anaerobes from soil, type species C. flavigena, G+C 68.5-76 mol%.

Cellulose

Cellulose, historically called tunicine, is a linear glucose polysaccharide that forms plant cell walls, making up 30–50% of plant biomass and used in paper, textiles, and biofuels.

Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming)

Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming), EC 2.4.1.12, is the glycosyltransferase that polymerizes UDP-glucose into β-1,4-glucan cellulose chains; in bacteria it is the BcsAB core activated by c-di-GMP, in plants the CesA rosette complex.

Cellulose-binding domain

Cellulose-binding domain (CBD), now classified within carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), is the non-catalytic cellulose-binding module of cellulases; first found in Trichoderma reesei, used as affinity tag, immobilization handle, and cellulose functionalization tool.

Celosia

Celosia, cockscomb or Lagos spinach (Celosia argentea), a genus of about 50 Amaranthaceae herbs native to tropical America, Africa, and Arabia, grown as a leafy vegetable (soko) and as ornamental cristata, plumosa, and spicata cut flowers.

Celtis

Celtis (hackberries, nettle trees) is a genus of about 70-80 tree and shrub species in Cannabaceae, formerly Ulmaceae, with 3-veined leaves and 1 cm drupes; type species Celtis australis, cosmopolitan range.

Celtis australis

Celtis australis, the southern nettle tree or European hackberry, is a deciduous Cannabaceae tree native from the Mediterranean to northern Iran, grown ornamentally and for erosion control, drought-tolerant, a weed in Australia.

Celtura

Celtura is a monovalent, MF59-adjuvanted, cell culture-derived (MDCK) inactivated subunit pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 vaccine developed by Novartis in Marburg, Germany; licensed in Germany, Switzerland, Chile, and Peru in 2009-2010, WHO-prequalified 17 December 2009, with a confirmed good safety profile in adults.

CEM trial

CEM trial (Con-trust, NCT06629896): Italian randomized controlled trial testing contrast-enhanced mammography versus MRI plus digital mammography for surveillance of 2,200 high-risk breast cancer women, PNRR-funded, AUSL Reggio Emilia.

Cemdisiran

Cemdisiran (ALN-CC5, ALN-62643) is an investigational GalNAc-conjugated siRNA from Alnylam/Regeneron that silences liver C5 mRNA; subcutaneous, long-acting, in Phase 3 for PNH, myasthenia gravis, and geographic atrophy.

Sep 29, 2026

Cementation (dentistry)

Cementation in dentistry is the process of attaching crowns, bridges, and veneers to teeth or implants with cements ranging from zinc phosphate to adhesive resin cements.

Cementoblast

Cementoblast: ectomesenchymal cell that secretes cementum, the mineralized root-covering tissue anchoring teeth; becomes a cementocyte when embedded. Distinct from osteoblasts; regulated by Wnt and TGF-β.

Cementocyte

Cementocyte: an osteocytelike cell (Cell Ontology CL:0000141) trapped in lacunae of cellular tooth cementum, formed from embedded cementoblasts, with 8–20 dendrites, lifelong residence, and roles in mechanotransduction and cementum mineralization.

Sep 29, 2026

Cementoplasty

Cementoplasty, also known as percutaneous cementoplasty, is a percutaneous procedure that injects acrylic bone cement into malignant bone cavities to relieve pain and stabilize bone.

Cemiplimab

Cemiplimab (Libtayo, cemiplimab-rwlc, REGN2810) is a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor by Regeneron and Sanofi, FDA-approved since 2018 for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, later adjuvant CSCC, basal cell carcinoma, and NSCLC.

Cenani-Lenz syndrome

Cenani-Lenz syndrome (Cenani-Lenz syndactyly, syndactyly type 7, OMIM 212780) is a rare autosomal recessive limb malformation disorder caused by LRP4 mutations, causing severe hand and foot synostoses, syndactyly, forearm defects, and renal anomalies.

Cenchrus

Cenchrus, a Poaceae grass genus (former Pennisetum species included), defined by spiny burs enclosing spikelets; 108 accepted species; includes pearl millet, buffel grass, and fountain grass.

Cenchrus ciliaris

Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass, African foxtail grass; syn. Pennisetum ciliare) is a perennial C4 tussock grass native from Africa to India, valued as drought-tolerant livestock forage yet a fire-promoting invasive weed in Australia, Mexico, and the Sonoran Desert.

Cenchrus purpureus

Cenchrus purpureus, Napier grass or elephant grass (syn. Pennisetum purpureum), is a perennial C4 grass native to Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, grown as a tropical forage with dry-matter yields up to 78 t/ha/year, and an invasive risk in Florida and Hawaii.

Cendakimab

Cendakimab (RPC4046, CC-93538) is a humanized anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody blocking IL-13Rα1/α2, in phase 3 development by Bristol Myers Squibb for eosinophilic esophagitis; not yet approved.

Cenegermin

Cenegermin (Oxervate, cenegermin-bkbj) is a recombinant human nerve growth factor eye drop, 20 µg/mL, six times daily for 8 weeks, approved by FDA (2018) and EMA (2017) for neurotrophic keratitis.

Cenerimod

Cenerimod (ACT-334441) is an oral, selective S1P1 receptor modulator by Actelion/Idorsia, now Viatris, in phase 3 (OPUS-1/-2) for systemic lupus erythematosus; half-life about 32 days, 4 mg dose selected from phase 2.

Cenicriviroc

Cenicriviroc (CVC, TBR-652, formerly TAK-652) is an oral dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist developed as an anti-HIV entry inhibitor and NASH antifibrotic; its phase 3 AURORA trial failed and COVID-19 trials showed no benefit.

Cenobamate

Cenobamate (Xcopri, Ontozry) is a carbamate antiseizure drug for adjunctive treatment of drug-resistant focal-onset seizures in adults, acting on sodium channels and GABAA receptors, with high seizure-freedom rates, DRESS and QT-shortening risks, and slow titration.

Cenoceras

Cenoceras (Hyatt, 1884; type species C. intermedium) is an extinct nautilid cephalopod genus, Middle Triassic to Late Jurassic, the sole nautilid survivor of the Late Triassic extinctions and ancestor of later nautiloids including Nautilus.

Cenomanian rudist isotope paleoclimate records

Cenomanian rudist isotope paleoclimate records reconstruct tropical sea-surface temperature, salinity, and seasonality from isotope measurements of rudist bivalve shells, indicating low-latitude Cretaceous waters of roughly 30 to 45 °C.

Cenopodlin

Cenopodlin (CA-170, AUPM-170) is an oral small-molecule antagonist of PD-L1, PD-L2, and VISTA developed by Aurigene and licensed to Curis; the first oral immune checkpoint inhibitor in trials, now in phase 3 NSCLC testing, with disputed PD-L1 binding.