72,234 articles
Cell hitchhiking
Cell hitchhiking is a drug delivery strategy in which nanoparticles ride on blood cells such as red blood cells, evading immune clearance and extending circulation.
Cell in vitro
Cell in vitro (CL:0001034) is a cell that is or has been cultured outside its organism, the basis of cell culture from Harrison's 1907 nerve fibers to organoids and organs-on-a-chip, with known limits in tissue fidelity and translation.
Cell invasion protein SipA, C-terminal actin binding domain
SipA C-terminal actin binding domain: the residues ~446-685 of the Salmonella SPI-1 effector SipA, which binds F-actin with picomolar affinity, stabilizes filaments against cofilin, mimics nebulin, and cooperates with SipC during invasion.
Cell junction
Cell junction: specialized cell-cell or cell-matrix contact sites, including tight junctions, adherens junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, hemidesmosomes, and plant plasmodesmata, classified as occluding, anchoring, or communicating.
Cell line authentication
Cell line authentication is a quality-control procedure that verifies a cultured cell line's identity, done almost entirely by STR profiling, now required by many funders and journals.
Cell Lineage
Cell lineage: the developmental history of differentiated cell types traced back to embryonic stem cells (MeSH D019070). Studied by prospective labeling and retrospective barcoding, including Cre-loxP and CRISPR-Cas9 methods.
Cell membrane
Cell membrane (plasma membrane): the ~5 nm phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins enclosing every cell, organized per the 1972 Singer–Nicolson fluid mosaic model, with lipid rafts, asymmetry, and the archaeal ether-lipid lipid divide as distinguishing features.
Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles
Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, also called cellular nanoparticles, consist of a synthetic core cloaked with membrane from a source cell such as a red blood cell, first reported in 2011.
Cell migration assay
A cell migration assay is a laboratory method that measures how cells move, in formats such as wound healing (scratch) and transwell chambers, used to test chemoattractants, drugs, and gene perturbations.
Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte
Leukocyte cell migration assays, including the Boyden/transwell filter assay, under-agarose, Zigmond and Dunn chambers, and microfluidic devices, measure white blood cell chemotaxis, chemokinesis, and haptotaxis in vitro.
Cell Migration Assays, Macrophage
Macrophage cell migration assays: capillary migration inhibition tests measuring delayed hypersensitivity via MIF, and chemotaxis formats (Boyden/transwell, Dunn chamber, under-agarose, microfluidics) measuring directed macrophage movement at about 10 µm/min.
Cell Movement
Cell movement, or cell migration, is the translocation of cells from one location to another, driven by actin polymerization, myosin contractility, and adhesion; measured with wound healing, Transwell, and 3D assays; central to development, wound healing, immunity, and cancer metastasis.
Cell nucleus
Cell nucleus: the membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic cells housing the genome; site of DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing, enclosed by a pore-bearing nuclear envelope; discovered by Robert Brown.
Cell Painting
Cell Painting is a fixed-cell, high-content imaging assay introduced in 2013 that stains cells with six fluorescent dyes to produce morphological profiles used in drug discovery.
Cell permeabilization
Cell permeabilization is a bench biology technique that creates transient or permanent openings in the plasma membrane so dyes, antibodies, proteins, and nucleic acids can enter cells.
Cell polarity
Cell polarity: asymmetric molecular organization defining a polarity axis in cells, driven by PAR, Crumbs, and Scribble modules, Rac/Rho GTPases, and chemical, mechanical, or electrical cues.
Cell potency
Cell potency: a cell's capacity to differentiate into other cell types, ranked totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, unipotent. Covers zygote totipotency, ESCs, iPSC reprogramming, and potency assays.
Cell Proliferation (concept)
Cell proliferation, also called cellular proliferation or cell multiplication, is the increase in cell number through cell growth and cell division; a MeSH descriptor (D049109, 2005) measured in research by DNA synthesis, Ki-67, and related assays.
Cell proliferation (institution)
Cell Proliferation (print ISSN 0960-7722, online 1365-2184) is a bimonthly Wiley open access cell biology journal founded in 1991, successor to Cell and Tissue Kinetics, and flagship journal of the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research.
Cell recruitment (pro-inflammatory response)
Cell recruitment (pro-inflammatory response), Reactome pathway R-HSA-9664424, is a human immune-cell chemotaxis pathway within Leishmania infection, annotated to cutaneous leishmaniasis, with 26 proteins including C3, NLRP3, IL1B, and P2RX7.
Cell research
Cell research: study of cell structure and function, grounded in cell theory (Hooke 1665; Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow). Uses microscopy, cell culture, organoids, and mathematical models; in vitro limits and non-animal methods are key themes.
Cell segmentation
Cell segmentation is a computational image-analysis method that identifies and outlines each individual cell in a microscopy image, assigning every pixel to a specific cell or background.
Cell Separation
Cell separation (cell isolation, cell sorting) comprises techniques for separating distinct cell populations, including density fractionation, FACS, MACS, and microfluidic methods, used in immunology, diagnostics, and cell therapy manufacturing.
Cell Shape
Cell shape, the three-dimensional geometry of a cell, is set by cytoskeletal forces, cortical tension, adhesion, and membrane tension, is sensed via geometry cues, regulates function and disease, and evolves in bacteria.
Cell signaling
Cell signaling is how cells communicate chemically: ligands such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors bind receptors, triggering second-messenger pathways. Forms include paracrine, endocrine, autocrine, synaptic, and contact-dependent signaling.
Cell Size
Cell size: the volume, mass, or dry mass of a cell. Prokaryotes span 0.02–400 µm³, eukaryotes 10–100 µm diameter; diffusion sets the upper limit, enzyme efficiency the lower, and size governs scaling, function, and senescence.
Cell sorting
Cell sorting is a bench biology technique that separates cells from a mixed suspension by physical or fluorescent properties, most commonly by flow cytometry, to produce purified cell populations.
Cell surface antigen, C-terminal
Cell surface antigen, C-terminal (IPR032300; Pfam PF16364, Antigen_C) is an Ig-like protein domain at the C-terminus of antigen I/II family bacterial adhesins such as S. mutans PAc and E. faecalis PrgB, forming isopeptide-stabilized stalk domains.
Cell surface display
Cell surface display is a protein engineering technique that anchors peptides or proteins on living cell surfaces, linking each cell to one library variant for screening.
Cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor
CD200 receptor (CD200R1, OX2 receptor) is an ITIM-lacking inhibitory immunoglobulin-superfamily receptor on myeloid leukocytes; binding CD200 (OX2) recruits Dok2 and RasGAP to suppress Ras-MAPK, restraining inflammation, neuroinflammation, and tumor immunity.