72,234 articles
CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia
CHST3-related skeletal dysplasia, also called recessive Larsen syndrome or SED Omani type, is an autosomal recessive disorder from biallelic CHST3 variants causing congenital knee, hip, and elbow dislocations, clubfeet, prenatal-onset short stature, and progressive kyphosis.
Chthamalus stellatus
Chthamalus stellatus, Poli's stellate barnacle (Poli, 1791), is a six-plated intertidal barnacle of the NE Atlantic, Mediterranean and Black Sea, abundant on exposed western British shores, split from C. montagui in 1976, breeding May-August.
Chu‐Xia Deng
Chuxia Deng (邓初夏) is a biochemist and geneticist known for work on BRCA1, sirtuins, and cancer drug resistance, formerly a senior investigator at the NIH.
Chuan He
Chuan He is a Chinese-born American chemical biologist at the University of Chicago whose 2011 discovery of the first RNA demethylase, FTO, established the field of epitranscriptomics.
Chuanyue Wu
Chuanyue Wu is a cell biologist at the University of Pittsburgh whose research on focal adhesions and integrin signaling established kindlin-2 as a key regulator of integrin activation.
Chudley-McCullough syndrome
Chudley-McCullough syndrome (CMS, MIM 604213), a rare autosomal-recessive GPSM2-related disorder: severe congenital sensorineural deafness with distinctive brain malformations (callosal agenesis, polymicrogyria, heterotopia) but usually preserved cognition.
Chukar partridge
Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), a Palearctic Phasianidae gamebird native from China to southeastern Europe, introduced to western North America, Hawaii, and New Zealand; sandy-brown, red-billed, IUCN Least Concern, national bird of Pakistan.
Chum salmon
Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), also called keta or dog salmon, is the most widely distributed Pacific salmon, second largest after Chinook, spawning once at ages 3-6; 2024 U.S. landings were 104 million pounds, 99% from Alaska.
Chun‐Xiao Song
Chun-Xiao Song is a Chinese chemical epigeneticist at the University of Oxford who develops sequencing methods for DNA and RNA modifications and applies them to early cancer detection.
Chunfu Xu
Chunfu Xu is a Chinese computational protein-design scientist at NIBS Beijing since 2022, known for designed protein cages and transmembrane pores from David Baker's lab.
Chung Owyang
Chung Owyang is an American gastroenterologist at the University of Michigan Medical School, known for identifying the CCK-releasing peptide and awarded the AGA's 2022 William Beaumont Prize.
Chunliang Li
Chunliang Li is a Chinese-born cancer and genome-biology researcher who has been an Associate Member in Tumor Cell Biology at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital since 2023.
Chusquea
Chusquea Kunth (1822) is the most diverse genus of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Chusqueinae), with about 200 species from Mexico to southern South America, solid culms, and long-interval mass flowering.
Chuvash erythrocytosis
Chuvash erythrocytosis, also called Chuvash polycythemia, is a rare genetic disorder causing excess red blood cells, endemic to Russia's Chuvash Republic and caused by a homozygous VHL gene mutation.
Chvostek sign
Chvostek sign: ipsilateral facial muscle twitch after tapping the facial nerve, described by Franz Chvostek in 1876. Positive in 10-25% of healthy people and absent in 30% of hypocalcemic patients, so a poor hypocalcemia test.
Chyi‐Song Hsieh
Chyi‐Song Hsieh is a physician-scientist and immunologist who holds the Wolff Distinguished Professorship at Washington University in St. Louis, studying immune tolerance to self, food, and gut bacteria.
Chyke A. Doubeni
Chyke A. Doubeni is an American family physician and clinical epidemiologist known for colorectal cancer screening research, a 2010 Presidential Early Career Award, and leadership as Ohio State's Chief Health Equity Officer.
Chylomicron
Chylomicrons are the largest, least dense lipoproteins (75–1,200 nm, apoB-48 particles) assembled in intestinal enterocytes to carry dietary triglycerides via lacteals and the thoracic duct; lipoprotein lipase converts them to remnants cleared by the liver.
Chylomicron clearance
Chylomicron clearance is the process by which chylomicrons, the intestinal lipoprotein particles that transport dietary fat, are converted to remnants and cleared by the liver.
Chylomicron retention disease
Chylomicron retention disease (Anderson disease, CMRD) is a rare autosomal recessive fat-malabsorption disorder caused by biallelic SAR1B mutations blocking COPII chylomicron secretion, presenting in infancy with failure to thrive, steatorrhea, and hypocholesterolemia with normal triglycerides.
Chylothorax
Chylothorax: chyle accumulation in the pleural space, usually from thoracic duct injury or obstruction. Also chylous pleural effusion. Diagnosed by pleural triglyceride >110 mg/dL; caused mostly by surgery or lymphoma.
Chylous ascites
Chylous ascites: leakage of triglyceride-rich lymph (chyle) into the peritoneal cavity, milky fluid with triglyceride >200 mg/dL; caused by malignancy, cirrhosis, tuberculosis, or lymphatic injury; treated conservatively first.
Chylous effusion
Chylous effusion (chylothorax): accumulation of chyle in the pleural space, about 3% of pleural effusions. Diagnosed by pleural triglyceride >110 mg/dL; caused mainly by trauma, surgery, and malignancy, especially lymphoma.
Chyluria
Chyluria, also called milky urine or suklameha, is chyle in urine from a lymphatic-urinary fistula, usually caused by Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis in Asia and Africa, treated conservatively, by sclerotherapy, or surgery.
Chyme
Chyme is the acidic semifluid mass of partly digested food formed in the stomach and released through the pylorus into the duodenum, where bile and pancreatic juice neutralize it; distinct from chyle, the milky fat-rich lymph of the small intestine.
Chymopapain
Chymopapain (Chymodiactin, Discase), a papaya-latex cysteine endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.6), was injected into herniated lumbar discs for chemonucleolysis; FDA-approved November 10, 1982, later discontinued, mainly over anaphylaxis risk.
Chymosin
Chymosin (rennin, EC 3.4.23.4) is the calf-abomasum aspartic protease that clots milk by cleaving the Phe105–Met106 bond of κ-casein; since 1988 it has also been made by fermentation from genetically modified microbes, now over 90% of rennet used.
Chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) is a pancreatic serine protease digesting proteins in the duodenum, cleaving after aromatic residues via the His57-Asp102-Ser195 triad; its 1967 crystal structure first revealed a catalytic triad.
Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis, also called amphibian chytrid disease, is a fatal skin disease of amphibians caused by the fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal), first described in 1998 and linked to at least 90 amphibian extinctions.
Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota (chytrids) is a fungal phylum of aquatic, zoosporic fungi with single posterior-flagellate zoospores and chitin-walled sporangia; once paraphyletic, now distinct from Blastocladiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota, and includes the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.