72,234 articles
Ci-1
Ci-1 (CVCL_1861, CI-1, Ci1) is a human B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cancer cell line established in 1981 from the ascites of a 38-year-old woman, distributed by DSMZ as ACC-570, with ~50-hour doubling time and latent EBV.
Ciarán P. Kelly
Ciarán P. Kelly, a Trinity College Dublin graduate, is a Harvard Medical School professor and gastroenterologist in Boston known for work on C. difficile infection and celiac disease.
Cibotium
Cibotium, sole genus of the tree-fern family Cibotiaceae (established 1820), about 9-12 species in Asia, Hawaii, and Central America; hairy trunks, two-lobed indusia; C. barometz is the medicinal golden chicken fern on CITES Appendix II.
Cicada
Cicada: large Hemiptera insects (family Cicadidae, over 3,000 species) whose underground nymphs feed on root xylem and whose males sing with tymbal organs; periodical Magicicada broods emerge every 13 or 17 years, as with the 2024 co-emergence of Broods XIII and XIX.
Cicadidae
Cicadidae, the true cicadas, is the larger of the two extant cicada families (with Tettigarctidae) in Hemiptera: Cicadoidea, with about 450 genera, tymbal-based male song, tympanal hearing, and 13/17-year Magicicada broods.
Cicatricial lagophthalmos
Cicatricial lagophthalmos, a mechanical form of lagophthalmos (ICD-11 9A03.40), is incomplete eyelid closure caused by scarring after eyelid surgery, trauma, or burns, treated with lubrication and scar release with grafting.
Cicatrizing conjunctivitis
Cicatrizing conjunctivitis, also called cicatricial conjunctivitis, is a rare vision-threatening group of disorders causing conjunctival inflammation and scarring, most often from mucous membrane pemphigoid or Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Cicely Williams
Cicely Delphine Williams (1893–1992), Jamaican paediatrician who described kwashiorkor on the Gold Coast, led the 1939 "Milk and Murder" campaign against artificial infant feeding, survived Changi internment, and was WHO's first maternal and child health chief.
Cichlid
Cichlids (Cichlidae), also called cichlid fishes, are a species-rich freshwater fish family of about 1,800 species across Africa and the Neotropics, famed for East African Great Lakes adaptive radiations, pharyngeal jaws, and mouthbrooding.
Cichliformes
Cichliformes, cichlids and convict blennies, is an order of ovalentarian ray-finned fishes with two families, Cichlidae and Pholidichthyidae, Eocene fossils, and up to 2,100 endemic species in East African lakes.
Cichorium
Cichorium (chicory, endive) is a genus of seven Asteraceae species native from Macaronesia and Africa to Central Asia; C. intybus and C. endivia are cultivated for salad leaves, roasted root coffee, and inulin.
Cichorium endivia
Cichorium endivia, sold as endive (curly-leaved) and escarole (broad-leaved), is a leafy salad plant in the daisy family Asteraceae grown for its dense rosette of bitter leaves.
Ciclesonide
Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris, Zetonna) is a prodrug corticosteroid inhaled for asthma and sprayed nasally for allergic rhinitis; activated by airway esterases to des-CIC, with low oral bioavailability and comparatively few systemic adverse effects.
Ciclopirox
Ciclopirox, a hydroxypyridone topical antifungal (ATC D01AE14), treats skin and nail fungal infections via iron chelation, not ergosterol inhibition; sold as 0.77% cream, 1% shampoo, and 8% nail lacquer, with low resistance potential and investigational anticancer and antibacterial uses.
Ciclosporin
Ciclosporin (cyclosporine, cyclosporin A, CsA), a cyclic undecapeptide calcineurin inhibitor from Tolypocladium inflatum, approved 1983; prevents transplant rejection and treats autoimmune disease, with nephrotoxicity and narrow therapeutic index.
Ciconia boyciana
Ciconia boyciana (Oriental Stork, コウノトリ) is an endangered East Asian migratory stork breeding in the Amur and Ussuri basins, with 1,000–2,499 mature individuals, reintroduced in Japan after 1971 extinction.
Ciconia nigra
Ciconia nigra, the black stork (Cigogne noire), is a large glossy-black migratory stork with white underparts and red bill, breeding from Iberia to Siberia and in southern Africa; IUCN Least Concern globally, 24,000-44,000 individuals, but regionally Endangered in South Africa.
Ciconiiformes
Ciconiiformes, an order of long-legged wading birds (storks, herons, ibises, spoonbills; traditionally also shoebill, hamerkop, New World vultures), now often restricted to the stork family Ciconiidae within the waterbird clade Aequornithes.
Cicuta
Cicuta (water hemlock, cowbane) is a genus of four highly poisonous Apiaceae herbs native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, containing the GABA-blocking convulsant cicutoxin concentrated in tuberous roots.
Cider apple
Cider apple: apple cultivars of Malus domestica grown for fermented cider rather than fresh eating, classified by the Long Ashton system into sharp, sweet, bittersweet, and bittersharp classes by juice tannin and acidity.
Cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir anhydrous (HPMPC, UNII 768M1V522C) is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide antiviral, C8H14N3O6P, MW 279.19, marketed as Vistide; FDA-approved June 1996 for CMV retinitis in AIDS, dosed IV every other week with probenecid, dose-limited by nephrotoxicity.
CIELAB color space
CIELAB (CIE 1976 L*a*b) is the CIE's 1976 perceptually oriented, device-independent color space with L lightness, a green-red and b blue-yellow axes, ΔE*ab Euclidean color difference, based on Hunter-Lab and ANLAB, used in printing, ICC, and color QC.
Cigall Kadoch
Cigall Kadoch is an American chromatin biologist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School known for her research on SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes in cancer.
Ciguatera fish poisoning
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), ciguatera, is seafood poisoning from ciguatoxins made by Gambierdiscus dinoflagellates and concentrated in large reef fish; 10,000–50,000 cases yearly, temperature reversal hallmark, fatality under 0.1%.
CIHMP trial
CIHMP trial (Clinical Impact of Hypothermic Machine Perfusion in Renal Transplant Recipients, NCT02621281): Chinese randomized trial, 400 participants, comparing hypothermic kidney machine perfusion with static cold storage for delayed graft function.
CII protein
CII protein, lambda phage cII gene product, is a 97-amino-acid homotetrameric transcription activator that activates pRE, pI, and paQ promoters to establish lysogeny and is rapidly degraded by host FtsH protease.
CIITA
CIITA (MHC2TA, NLRA) is the human master transactivator of MHC class II genes: a non-DNA-binding NLR-family coactivator whose mutations cause bare lymphocyte syndrome type II.
Cilazapril
Cilazapril (Inhibace) is a Roche pyridazine ACE inhibitor prodrug, hydrolyzed to cilazaprilat, used once daily at 2.5–5 mg for hypertension and congestive heart failure; ATC C09AA08, introduced 1991.
Cilengitide
Cilengitide (EMD 121974) is a cyclic RGD pentapeptide inhibiting αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, developed by Merck KGaA as an antiangiogenic cancer drug; its phase 3 CENTRIC glioblastoma trial failed and development was discontinued in 2013.
Cilexetil
Cilexetil is the ester promoiety in candesartan cilexetil (Atacand), the oral prodrug of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan, hydrolyzed in the gut, dosed 2-32 mg once daily for hypertension and heart failure.