72,234 articles
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale
Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS): a 1997 three-item prehospital stroke screen (facial droop, arm drift, abnormal speech) simplified from the NIH Stroke Scale; pooled sensitivity about 82%, specificity about 57%, and 82% sensitivity for large vessel occlusion at a cut-off of 2 or more items.
Cinclodes
Cinclodes, South American ovenbird genus (Furnariidae) of Andes and Patagonia, 15-16 species, ca. 7 Ma radiation; includes the most maritime passerines, C. nigrofumosus and C. taczanowskii.
Cinclus
Cinclus is the genus of the five dipper species (family Cinclidae), the only songbirds that dive and walk underwater in fast-flowing streams; Eurasian and American lineages diverged about 4 million years ago.
Cincta
Cincta (cinctans): extinct class of Middle Cambrian stem-group echinoderms with racquet-shaped asymmetrical theca and stele; active pharyngeal filter feeders per CFD, feeding mode debated.
Cindy D. Davis
Cindy D. Davis is an American nutrition scientist who serves as National Program Leader for Human Nutrition at the USDA Agricultural Research Service and received the 2000 PECASE award.
Cindy L. Grines
Cindy L. Grines is an American interventional cardiologist who led the PAMI trials showing angioplasty beats clot-dissolving drugs for heart attacks, and is chief scientific officer at Northside Hospital Cardiovascular Institute in Atlanta.
Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cine MRI (cine CMR, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine) is a cardiac MRI technique using ECG-gated bSSFP sequences to display heart motion as a movie loop and quantify ventricular volumes and ejection fraction, the reference standard for LV systolic function.
Cinepazide
Cinepazide (cinepazide maleate, 马来酸桂哌齐特) is a piperazine vasodilator, weak calcium channel blocker and adenosine potentiator. Its tablets were withdrawn abroad over agranulocytosis; the injection remains approved in China for acute ischemic stroke.
Cineradiography
Cineradiography (cinefluorography, radiocinematography): motion picture recording of successive fluoroscopic X-ray images. Pioneered by Macintyre 1896-97 and Reynolds from 1921; made practical by 1953 image intensifiers; used for swallowing, cardiac, and joint motion studies before video replaced it.
Cingula
Cingula (Fleming, 1818 or 1828) is a genus of minute marine rissoidid sea snails (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) with type species Cingula trifasciata; about 23 accepted species, taxonomy unsettled by molecular phylogeny.
Cingulate cortex
Cingulate cortex: paired medial-wall brain region of the limbic system, divided into ACC, midcingulate, posterior cingulate, and retrosplenial cortex; roles in emotion, decision-making, pain, memory, and cingulotomy surgery.
Cinhyaluronate sodium
Cinhyaluronate sodium (SI-614) is Seikagaku's chemically modified sodium hyaluronate eye drop for dry eye; its Phase 3 US SIDE study (NCT05411367) missed its primary endpoint in 2023 and the drug was never approved.
Cinidon ethyl
Cinidon ethyl (BAS 615 H) is a dicarboximide, PPO-inhibiting post-emergence herbicide for broadleaved weeds in cereals; EU approval was not renewed in 2011 and it is no longer authorised there.
Cinmethylin
Cinmethylin (BAS 684 H) is a pre-emergence herbicide derived from 1,4-cineole, commercialized in 1982 by Shell, controlling grass weeds in rice and wheat via fatty acid thioesterase inhibition (HRAC Group 30), sold as Luximo and Luximax.
Cinna
Cinna (woodreeds) is a small genus of perennial Poaceae grasses in subtribe Cinninae, first published by Linnaeus in 1753, with single-flowered compressed spikelets, native to Europe, temperate Asia, and the Americas.
Cinnabar moth
The cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) is a red and black tiger moth whose striped caterpillars feed on ragwort, sequestering its toxins; introduced to North America and Australasia for biocontrol.
Cinnamomum
Cinnamomum (laurel family genus, source of cinnamon, cassia and camphor): about 350 species of scented evergreen trees native to tropical and subtropical Asia and the western Pacific, taxonomically polyphyletic, with many threatened species.
Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora (樟), the camphor tree or camphor laurel, is an East Asian Lauraceae evergreen up to 30 m, the main natural source of camphor; now often treated as Camphora officinarum and invasive in Florida and Australia.
Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia, also called Cinnamomum aromaticum or Chinese cassia, is the laurel-family tree behind cassia cinnamon, the most common cinnamon in North America; bark oil is 70-95% cinnamaldehyde and coumarin content is the main safety concern.
Cinnamomum cassia oil
Cassia oil (Cinnamomum cassia essential oil, Chinese cinnamon oil): steam-distilled from leaves, twigs, and bark; 42–92% cinnamaldehyde; used in cola flavoring, feed additives, and biopesticide research; skin-sensitizing; high coumarin.
Cinnamomum verum (කුරුඳු)
Cinnamomum verum (කුරුඳු), Ceylon or true cinnamon, is a laurel-family tree native to Sri Lanka and the main source of cinnamon spice, distinguished from cassia by trace coumarin levels and Sri Lanka's dominant export share.
Cinnamon challenge
Cinnamon Challenge: internet dare to swallow a tablespoon of ground cinnamon in 60 seconds without water; documented from 2001, viral on YouTube, peaked 2012; risks include coughing, aspiration, lung injury.
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-like
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase-like (CAD-like) proteins: plant enzyme homologues of CAD (EC 1.1.1.195), the NADPH-dependent final step of monolignol/lignin biosynthesis; includes zinc-dependent MDR CADs, CAD1-type SDR-related members, and divergent stress-response isoforms.
Cinnarizine
Cinnarizine (Stugeron) is an antihistamine and calcium channel antagonist for vertigo, motion sickness, and Ménière's disease; often combined with dimenhydrinate, with drowsiness and parkinsonism as notable risks.
Cinnyris
Cinnyris, a genus of about 53 sunbird species (family Nectariniidae) from Africa to Australia, feeding on nectar by intralingual suction; includes purple sunbird C. asiaticus and olive-backed sunbird C. jugularis.
Cinosulfuron
Cinosulfuron (CGA 142464, CAS 94593-91-6) is a triazinylsulfonylurea rice herbicide, AHAS inhibitor launched 1990 by Syngenta; mobile, non-persistent, low mammalian toxicity, not EU-approved.
Cinoxacin
Cinoxacin (Cinobac) is a first-generation quinolone antibiotic, C12H10N2O5, related to nalidixic acid, used for urinary tract infections; FDA-approved 1980, DNA gyrase inhibitor, now discontinued.
Cintamani caturmukha rasa
Cintamani caturmukha rasa (Chintamani Chaturmukh Ras), a classical Ayurvedic herbo-mineral tablet from Bhaisajyaratnavalli: Rasa Sindura with loha, abhraka, and swarna bhasmas, processed with kumari juice bhavana for seven days.
Cintredekin besudotox
Cintredekin besudotox (IL13-PE38QQR), an interleukin-13 Pseudomonas exotoxin A fusion protein for malignant glioma, given by convection-enhanced delivery; its PRECISE phase III trial failed to beat Gliadel wafers and it was never approved.
Ciona intestinalis
Ciona intestinalis (vase tunicate, sea vase, yellow sea squirt), a North Atlantic solitary ascidian sea squirt and model chordate; since 2015 distinguished from its former synonym Ciona robusta, with a 2002 draft genome and invasive fouling populations.