72,234 articles
CIP2A
CIP2A (KIAA1524, p90, NOCIVA) is a human 90 kDa oncoprotein at 3q13.13 that inhibits the PP2A tumor-suppressor phosphatase, stabilizes c-Myc via serine 62, and is overexpressed in many cancers, marking poor prognosis.
Cipaglucosidase alfa
Cipaglucosidase alfa (Pombiliti, cipaglucosidase alfa-atga) is a bis-M6P-enriched recombinant human GAA enzyme replacement therapy infused every two weeks with oral miglustat (Opfolda) for adults with late-onset Pompe disease not improving on current ERT; FDA approved 2023.
Cipepofol
Cipepofol (Cypsedo, ciprofol, HSK3486) is a chiral propofol analog and GABA_A modulator, 4-5 times more potent, FDA-approved May 29, 2026 for anesthetic induction and DEA schedule IV.
Cipla
Cipla (Chemical, Industrial & Pharmaceutical Laboratories), Indian pharma company founded 1935 in Mumbai by K. A. Hamied; respiratory leader, $350/year AIDS drugs in 2001, FDA warning letters 2020 and 2023.
CiPNT/SSI trial
CiPNT/SSI (NCT04496180) is a Geneva-sponsored randomized trial testing Prevena closed-incision negative pressure therapy versus standard dressing to prevent surgical site infection after emergency laparotomy; planned 334 participants, last status not yet recruiting.
Ciprofibrate
Ciprofibrate (Lipanor, Modalim) is a fibrate lipid-lowering drug and PPARα agonist, dosed 100 mg once daily in Europe for severe hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia when statins are unsuitable; not FDA-approved.
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Ciproxin, Cetraxal) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic approved by Bayer in 1987, inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, reserved for infections lacking alternatives due to tendon, nerve, and aortic risks.
CIRBP
CIRBP (CIRP, hnRNP A18), cold-inducible RNA-binding protein gene on human 19p13.3; 172-aa RRM/RGG protein induced by mild cold, hypoxia, and UV. Binds mRNA 3′-UTRs; intracellular CIRP is protective, extracellular eCIRP drives TLR4 inflammation.
Circadian rhythm
Circadian rhythm: endogenous ~24-hour biological oscillation generated by CLOCK/BMAL1–PER/CRY transcription-translation feedback loops, entrained by light via melanopsin ipRGCs to the SCN; also called the biological clock or body clock.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, CRSWD): sleep timing disorder from altered circadian clock or misalignment; six ICSD-2 types; treated with timed light, melatonin, lifestyle change.
Circadian-associated transcriptional repressor
CIART (CHRONO, GM129, C1orf51), circadian-associated transcriptional repressor, is a protein-coding gene at 1q21.2 that represses CLOCK-BMAL1 in an HDAC-dependent way and is a key host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Circaea
Circaea, enchanter's nightshade, is a Linnaean 1753 genus of Onagraceae herbs of the temperate Northern Hemisphere with 2-petaled, 2-stamened flowers and hooked-bristle bur fruits; sister to Fuchsia.
Circaetus
Circaetus, the snake eagles, is a genus of seven Accipitridae raptors of Eurasia and Africa established by Vieillot in 1816, specialized in eating snakes and reptiles; type species the short-toed snake eagle C. gallicus.
Circaetus gallicus
Circaetus gallicus, the Short-toed Snake-eagle (Short-toed Eagle), a large snake-eating migratory raptor of the Accipitridae across Europe, Africa, and Asia; IUCN Least Concern, 50,000-99,999 mature individuals, stable trend, two subspecies including C. g. sacerdotis.
Circle of Willis
Circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus cerebri): anastomotic arterial ring at the brain base linking internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems; primary cerebral collateral supply, complete in only about 12–36% of adults, linked to aneurysms and stroke outcomes.
Circovirosis
Circovirosis, or infection with circoviruses (Circoviridae), is a non-WOAH-listed wildlife disease of swine, dogs, mustelids, and birds; mostly subclinical but causing severe wasting and immunosuppression, especially PCV2 disease in pigs.
Circuit mapping
Circuit mapping is the set of experimental methods used to establish which neurons in the brain connect to which, and what those connections do, using tracers, viruses, and light.
Circuit training
Circuit training is a workout format of exercise stations performed with little or no rest, combining strength and cardio. Origins with Morgan and Anderson (1953); meta-analyses show fat loss, strength, and VO2max gains.
Circular RNA
Circular RNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule whose 3′ and 5′ ends join into a closed loop, often formed by back-splicing and notably more stable than linear RNA.
Circular RNAs across organisms
Circular RNAs across organisms surveys where covalently closed circRNAs occur across the tree of life, from fungi and plants to vertebrates, and how conserved they are.
Circular RNAs in disease
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed non-coding RNAs made by back-splicing, are stable disease-linked biomarker candidates in cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease, with early therapeutic trials but no clinical adoption yet.
Circulating cell
Circulating cell: any cell moving among body tissues via blood, lymph, or another medium (ontology term ZFA:0009043, CL:0000080). Covers immune cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and circulating tumor cells used in liquid biopsy.
Circulating tumor DNA analysis
Circulating tumor DNA analysis is a liquid biopsy method that detects tumor-derived DNA fragments in blood to guide cancer treatment, monitor recurrence, and screen for cancer.
Circulating tumor DNA detection
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection is a blood-based diagnostic method that measures tumor-derived DNA fragments in plasma to genotype cancer non-invasively, assess treatment response, and detect molecular residual disease after therapy.
Circulation (journal)
Circulation is the American Heart Association's weekly flagship peer-reviewed cardiovascular journal, founded 1950, ISSN 0009-7322. Editor-in-chief Bradley A. Maron since July 2026, succeeding Joseph A. Hill (2016-2026); impact factor rose from 19 to 41 under Hill. Distinct from Circulation Journal (Japanese Circulation Society).
Circulation Research
Circulation Research, also called Circ Res, is the American Heart Association's peer-reviewed journal for basic and translational cardiovascular biology, founded in 1953 under Carl J. Wiggers, edited by Jane E. Freedman, publishing 24 issues yearly with a 12% acceptance rate and 2024 impact factor 16.2.
Circulation, digestion and excretion in spiders
Spiders pump blue hemolymph through an open circulatory system that also hydraulically extends their legs, liquefy prey externally before digestion, and excrete nitrogen via Malpighian tubules.
Circulatory and excretory systems of bivalves
Bivalves, including mussels, oysters, and clams, have an open circulatory system with a three-chambered heart, and excrete through paired kidneys known as the organ of Bojanus.
Circulatory system
Circulatory system, also called cardiovascular system: the heart, blood vessels, and blood that move blood through the body. Covers open vs closed systems, pulmonary and systemic circuits, Harvey's 1628 discovery, and cardiovascular disease burden.
Circulatory transition at birth
Circulatory transition at birth is the switch from fetal to adult circulation: lung aeration and cord clamping reverse pressure gradients, closing the foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, and ductus venosus.