72,234 articles
Citrus × sinensis
Citrus × sinensis, the sweet orange, is a hybrid Rutaceae fruit tree from southern China, a sour orange × Ponkan mandarin cross, with common, navel, Valencia, and blood cultivar groups.
Citrus australasica
Citrus australasica, the Australian finger lime or caviar lime (formerly Microcitrus australasica), is a thorny Australian rainforest citrus whose finger-shaped fruits contain caviar-like juice vesicles; rich in vitamin C and phenolics, and reported tolerant to citrus greening.
Citrus black spot
Citrus black spot, caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa (syn. Guignardia citricarpa), is a quarantine citrus disease causing rind lesions and premature fruit drop without affecting internal fruit quality; first found in the U.S. in Florida in 2010.
Citrus canker
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is a bacterial citrus disease causing lesions and fruit drop; no cure exists, managed by quarantine, copper sprays, and windbreaks.
Citrus exocortis viroid
Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) is a 371-nucleotide circular RNA viroid, genus Pospiviroid, identified by Semancik and Weathers in 1972; it causes exocortis, stunting and bark scaling of citrus rootstocks such as trifoliate orange, spread by infected budwood and tools.
Citrus extract
Citrus extract: botanical preparation from Citrus fruits, peel, or seeds; EU pesticide substance ID 558, not approved; also citrus essential oils (limonene-rich) and bitter orange p-synephrine supplements.
Citrus extract/grapefruit seed extract
Citrus extract/grapefruit seed extract, EU pesticide active substance ID 560, not approved under Regulation 1107/2009; commercial grapefruit seed extract antimicrobial activity traced to synthetic disinfectant adulterants.
Citrus greening disease
Citrus greening, or huanglongbing (HLB, 黄龙病), is an incurable bacterial citrus disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and spread by the Asian citrus psyllid; it has cut Florida citrus production 75% since 2005.
Citrus leprosis disease
Citrus leprosis disease, caused by CiLV-C and related Brevipalpus mite-transmitted non-systemic viruses, causes local lesions, defoliation, and tree decline in citrus across South and Central America and Mexico.
Citrus limetta
Citrus limetta (limetta, sweet lime, sweet lemon) is a Mediterranean citron × sour orange citrus hybrid, now Citrus × limon var. limetta, with acid Marrakech limetta and acidless sweet forms, cultivated mainly in Morocco and Murcia, Spain.
Citrus psorosis ophiovirus
Citrus psorosis ophiovirus (CPsV, Ophiovirus citri), a tripartite negative-sense ssRNA ophiovirus causing psorosis bark-scaling disease of citrus, first reported in Florida in 1896 and spread mainly by propagative material.
Citrus taxonomy
Citrus taxonomy classifies the genus Citrus, contested between Swingle's 16-species system and Tanaka's up to 162; cultivated citrus are hybrids of four ancestral taxa (mandarin, pummelo, citron, micrantha), clarified by genomics.
Citrus tristeza epidemics
Citrus tristeza epidemics are outbreaks of citrus tristeza virus that killed almost 100 million citrus trees over the past century, forcing growers off sour orange rootstock.
Citrus tristeza virus
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), formerly Citrus tristeza closterovirus, is a plant virus of the genus Closterovirus that causes the most economically damaging citrus disease, killing over 100 million trees worldwide.
Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu (ウンシュウミカン), satsuma mandarin, is a seedless easy-peeling mandarin from China/Japan, the most cold-tolerant commercial citrus, Japan's top fruit crop with 617,100 tons in 2023 and over 100 cultivars.
City Harvest (United States)
City Harvest is New York City's first and largest food rescue nonprofit, founded 1982, delivering surplus food via 23 trucks to 400+ pantries and soup kitchens; rescued 78.8M pounds in FY2024, over one billion pounds cumulative.
City Of Hope National Medical Center
City of Hope National Medical Center, in Duarte, California, is the flagship hospital of City of Hope, an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center founded in 1913 as a tuberculosis sanatorium, known for synthetic insulin, monoclonal antibodies, and bone marrow transplantation.
Civet
Civet: a cat-like Viverridae mammal of Africa and Asia, not a true cat; also its musky perianal secretion (civetone) used in perfume, and the source of kopi luwak coffee.
Civorebrutinib
Civorebrutinib, also known as EVER001 or 希布替尼, is an investigational oral, covalent reversible BTK inhibitor developed by Everest Medicines for proteinuric autoimmune kidney diseases such as membranous nephropathy.
Cixiidae
Cixiidae is a family of planthoppers, small sap-feeding insects found worldwide, with about 2,640 described species; some species transmit plant pathogens to crops such as grapevine and lavender.
CK syndrome
CK syndrome (X-linked intellectual disability-microcephaly-cortical malformation-thin habitus syndrome) is a rare X-linked recessive NSDHL-related disorder with intellectual disability, infantile seizures, microcephaly, cortical malformations, and thin habitus; not elevated creatine kinase.
CKAP4
CKAP4 (CLIMP-63, p63, ERGIC-63) is a 63 kDa palmitoylated type II transmembrane protein that spaces ER sheets ~50 nm apart and, at the cell surface, acts as the DKK1 receptor driving PI3K-AKT signaling in cancer and fibrosis.
CKB
CKB (creatine kinase B, B-CK, CKBB) is the human chromosome 14q32.33 gene encoding the brain-type cytosolic creatine kinase subunit, EC 2.7.3.2, an ATP-regenerating homodimer; reduced by oxidative modification in Alzheimer's, Pick's and Lewy body dementia and used as a serum biomarker.
CKD-REIN study
CKD-REIN (Chronic Kidney Disease – Renal Epidemiology and Information Network) is a French prospective cohort of 3,033 adults with CKD stages 3–5 from 40 clinics (2013–2016), used for kidney failure risk prediction including KFRE eGFR-equation comparisons.
CKiD study
The CKiD study is a North American cohort study of children with chronic kidney disease that began in 2005 and produced widely used pediatric GFR estimating equations.
cKK-E12
cKK-E12 is an ionizable lipid developed at MIT by Yizhou Dong, Robert Langer, and Daniel Anderson, forming lipid nanoparticles that deliver siRNA and mRNA selectively to liver cells.
CKS1B
CKS1B (CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1B, alias CKS1) is a human protein-coding gene at 1q21.3 encoding a 79-amino-acid CDK regulatory subunit essential for cell-cycle control and implicated in myeloma and pancreatic cancer.
CL-11
CL-11 (CVCL_1978, RRID:CVCL_1978), also written CL11, is a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line from a left-colon primary tumor, DSMZ ACC-467, microsatellite-stable, male, with KRAS, FBXW7, and TP53 mutations; distinct from the collectin-11 protein.
Cladd E. Stevens
Cladd E. Stevens is an epidemiologist who spent over 30 years at the New York Blood Center, working on hepatitis B vaccine trials and leading its Cord Blood Program.
Clade
Clade: a monophyletic group, a common ancestor and all its descendants, also called monophyletic group; formally named under the 2020 PhyloCode with node-, stem-, or apomorphy-based definitions and registered in RegNum.