72,234 articles
Clubfoot
Clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus, CTEV) is a congenital foot deformity affecting about 1 in 1,000 births, treated mainly by the Ponseti method of casting, tenotomy, and bracing, with relapse as the main issue.
Clubmoss ecology and conservation
Clubmoss ecology and conservation describes the habitat needs, slow reproduction, threats, and legal protection of clubmosses, spore-producing vascular plants of forest floors, bogs, and open acidic habitats.
Clubmoss morphology and life cycle
Clubmosses are spore-producing vascular plants of Lycopodiophyta that resemble mosses, with single-veined microphylls, cone-like strobili, and a dominant sporophyte generation; their tree ancestors formed coal about 300 million years ago.
Clubmosses of Europe
The clubmosses of Europe are 38 species of seed-free vascular plants in the family Lycopodiaceae, native from Iceland to the Urals and richest in Macaronesia and the Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians.
Clubmosses of North America
Clubmosses of North America describes the clubmoss family Lycopodiaceae north of Mexico, where 7 genera and 27 species grow, and how the old broad genus Lycopodium was split.
Clumber Spaniel
Clumber Spaniel: a large, long, low British flushing gundog, white with lemon or orange markings, developed at Clumber Park for the Duke of Newcastle; AKC-recognized 1878, now a vulnerable native breed in the UK.
Clupea harengus
Clupea harengus, the Atlantic herring, is a small schooling pelagic Clupeidae fish of both North Atlantic coasts, from Labrador to Cape Hatteras and Norway to Bay of Biscay; a major forage and bait species, currently overfished in US waters but not subject to overfishing.
Clupea pallasii
Clupea pallasii, Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi), a Clupeidae schooling forage fish of the North Pacific from Baja California to the Beaufort Sea and Asia, fished mainly for roe sold in Japan.
Clupeidae
Clupeidae (herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens) is a family of Clupeiformes, small schooling plankton-feeding fishes 2-75 cm, mostly tropical marine, commercially among the most important fish families; molecular phylogenies show the traditional family is not monophyletic.
Clupeiformes
Clupeiformes: order of ray-finned fishes, the herrings, anchovies, sardines, and shads; about 443 species in ten families, worldwide except Antarctica, with major fisheries and repeated diadromy origins.
Clusia
Clusia (attorney) is a Neotropical genus of about 250-310 Clusiaceae trees and shrubs with leathery leaves and latex, the only dicotyledonous tree genus with CAM photosynthesis species.
Clusiaceae
Clusiaceae, commonly called the mangosteen family and alternatively known as Guttiferae, is a family of pantropical flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, named by John Lindley in 1836.
Clusiidae
Clusiidae (druid flies, formerly Heteroneuridae) is a family of small acalyptrate Diptera, 2.5-6.0 mm, whose larvae develop in wet decaying wood and suck biofilm; about 636 species in 14 genera.
Cluster fly
Cluster fly (Pollenia rudis, Fabricius 1794), a Polleniidae fly whose larvae parasitize earthworms; adults overwinter in buildings in clusters, a cool-season nuisance pest across Holarctic, Oriental and New Zealand regions.
Cluster headache
Cluster headache, a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia or "suicide headache": severe unilateral orbital attacks of 15-180 minutes up to 8 daily, with autonomic symptoms; treated acutely with oxygen and subcutaneous sumatriptan, prevented with verapamil.
Cluster of differentiation
Cluster of differentiation (CD): nomenclature assigning numbers to groups of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the same leukocyte surface antigen, from HLDA Workshops since 1982; CD1 to CD350, used in flow cytometry immunophenotyping, distinct from CDISC terminology.
Cluster randomized controlled trial
A cluster randomized controlled trial is an experiment that randomly assigns entire groups, such as clinics, schools, or communities, rather than individuals, to intervention or control arms.
Cluster randomized design
A cluster randomized design is a comparative trial in which whole groups, such as clinics, schools, or communities, are randomly assigned to interventions, with outcomes measured in their members.
Clusterin
Clusterin (CLU, apolipoprotein J, SGP-2, TRPM-2) is a conserved secreted ATP-independent chaperone glycoprotein on chromosome 8, cytoprotective in cancer treatment resistance and an Alzheimer's disease risk gene.
Clutch Size
Clutch size is the number of eggs laid per reproductive bout (litter size in mammals). Central life-history trait studied via Lack's 1947 food-limitation hypothesis, Ashmole's seasonality hypothesis, and global bird analyses.
Clyde A. Hutchison
Clyde A. Hutchison was an American biochemist who helped sequence the first complete DNA genome and led the design of the first minimal synthetic bacterial cell.
Clyde F. Barker
Clyde F. Barker (1932–2025) was an American transplant surgeon at the University of Pennsylvania who performed its first kidney transplant in 1966 and chaired surgery from 1983 to 2001.
Clyde S. Crumpacker
Clyde S. Crumpacker, also published as Clyde Crumpacker, is an American infectious-disease physician and virology researcher, Professor of Medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School.
Clyde W. Yancy
Clyde W. Yancy, also known as Clyde Yancy, is an American cardiologist who is Chief of Cardiology at Northwestern and chaired the 2013 ACCF/AHA heart failure guideline.
Clydesdale horse
Clydesdale horse: Scottish draught breed from Lanarkshire (Clydesdale district), developed mid-18th century from native mares and Flemish stallions; Clydesdale Horse Society founded 1877; 16-18 hands, feathered legs, now an at-risk rare breed.
Clymenia (ammonite)
Clymenia (Münster 1834) is an extinct Late Devonian clymeniid ammonoid genus, type species C. laevigata, namesake of the order Clymeniida, defined by a dorsal rather than ventral siphuncle; extinct at the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary. Not the citrus genus Clymenia Swingle.
Clymeniida
Clymeniida (Hyatt, 1884) is an extinct order of Late Devonian ammonoids defined by a dorsal siphuncle, unlike other ammonoids; 64 genera, extinct at the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary; suborders Gonioclymeniina and Clymeniina.
Clypeaster
Clypeaster (sea biscuits) is a genus of irregular echinoid sea urchins established by Lamarck in 1801, with about 50 living and 350 fossil species from the Middle Eocene onward, monophyletic with Arachnoididae as sister group.
CM313, anti-CD38 humanized monoclonal antibody
CM313 is a humanized IgG1 anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody from Keymed Biosciences, licensed globally (ex-Greater China) to Timberlyne Therapeutics in 2025; tested in ITP, SLE, and multiple myeloma.
CM336
CM336 (OM336), a BCMA x CD3 bispecific T-cell engager developed by Keymed Biosciences, licensed to Ouro Medicines and acquired via Gilead; treats multiple myeloma and autoimmune cytopenias.